Emanuel von der Pahlen

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Emanuel von der Pahlen, before 1917

Emanuel Baron von der Pahlen (born July 4, 1882 in Peterhof , † July 18, 1952 in Basel ) was a German-Baltic astronomer and professor at the University of Basel and head of the astronomical and meteorological institute there. The Von-der-Pahlen moon crater was named after him in 1970 .

origin

Emanuel von der Pahlen was born in the city of Peterhof near Saint Petersburg in 1882 . He comes from the Livonian noble family von der Pahlen . His father was the Russian court hunter and privy councilor Anatol Baron von der Pahlen (1854–1904). His mother Marie (1850-1940) was a daughter of the Russian major general Ivan W. Wuitsch.

Life

Emanuel von der Pahlen studied astronomy in Göttingen . There he received his doctorate in 1909 with a dissertation on the subject of the probabilities of star distributions . He then worked as a private scholar until 1914 . From 1920 he worked in Potsdam , where he was appointed observer at the Einstein Tower (Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam) in 1923 . He held this position until 1944. After the Second World War he taught astronomy as a professor at the University of Basel . He also briefly headed the Astronomical-Meteorological Institute (later the Astronomical Institute) at the University of Basel.

In 1910 he married Lydia (1888–1969), daughter of the Russian State Councilor Joseph Abaziev in Tver . The marriage produced a daughter and a son.

In 1952 he died at the age of 70 after a brief illness.

research

Pahlen's writings mainly deal with the system of fixed stars ( stellar astronomy ). Together with the German astrophysicist Erwin Freundlich , he developed a dynamic interpretation of the K-effect of the B stars , which assumed elliptical orbits instead of circular orbits in the Milky Way system. Pahlen's textbooks on stellar statistics and the dynamics of star systems were authoritative for decades and influenced the development of stellar astronomy.

Works

  • About the probabilities of star distributions. WF Kaestner, Göttingen 1909.
  • About the interference phenomena on wedge-shaped plates. Astrophysical Observatory, Potsdam 1912.
  • Attempt to dynamically interpret the K-effect and the movements in the local star system. With Erwin Freundlich . Published by the Observatory, Potsdam 1928.
  • Investigations on the solar corona. With Arnold Kohlschütter . In: Publications of the University Observatory in Bonn. No. 24, F. Dummler's Verlag, Bonn 1930.
  • Textbook of stellar statistics. JA Barth, Leipzig 1937.
  • Introduction to the dynamics of star systems. Birkhäuser, Basel 1947.
  • Birth and death of the sun; Star formation and subatomic energy. Birkhäuser, Basel 1947.
  • About the formation of the spherical star clusters. In: Communications from the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam. Vol. 1, No. 18, Springer, Berlin 1947, pp. 236-288.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Von der Pahlen planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c Felix Schmeidler :  Pahlen, Emanuel Baron von der. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 4 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ von der Pahlen, Emanuel. In: Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar. Gruyter, Berlin 1950.
  4. ↑ Obituary in Astronomical News. 7/1952, Vol. 281, 1, p. 48.
personal data
SURNAME Pahlen, Emanuel von der
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pahlen, Emanuel Baron von der (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Baltic astronomer and head of the Astronomical Institute in Basel
DATE OF BIRTH 4th July 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Peterhof (city)
DATE OF DEATH July 18, 1952
Place of death Basel