Emil Bretschneider
Emil Bretschneider Vasilyevich (born June 22, jul. / 4. July 1833 greg. In Riga , † April 29 jul. / 12. May 1901 greg. In St. Petersburg , Russian Эмилий Васильевич Бретшнейдер , scientific. Transliteration Ėmilij Vasil'evič Bretšnejder ) was a Russian embassy doctor, sinologist , geographer and researcher of Chinese botany . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Bretschn. ".
Name spelling variants
E. Bretschneider, Emil Bretschneider, Emilij V. Bretšnejder, Emil Vasilyevich Bretschneider, Emil Vasilievitch Bretschneider
Life
Bretschneider was a Baltic German . He studied medicine at the Imperial University of Dorpat in Dorpat , Estonia , then in Berlin, Vienna and Paris. From 1862 to 1865 he worked as an embassy doctor in Tehran and from 1866 to 1883 in Beijing . He was friends with the Russian archimandrite and sinologist Palladius (Pyotr Iwanowitsch Kafarow) from the Beijing Mission of the Russian Orthodox Church , known by his religious name .
Importance of his publications
His best-known works include the Mediaeval researches (1888), in which he extensively draws on Chinese and Russian sources for his portrayal of medieval journeys to Central Asia from the 13th to 17th centuries, including Yelü Chucai , Changchun and Li Zhichang , Wugusun Zhongduan , Hethum I. and Kirakos Gandsaketsi , Chang De as well as Yelü Xiliang and his Botanicon Sinicum (1882/96), in which he was a western pioneer in researching the materia medica of traditional Chinese medicine . He also wrote a History of European Botanical Discoveries in China (1898), a history of European botanical discoveries in China that is not limited to China but also Manchuria , Mongolia , East Turkestan , Tibet , Korea , the Ryūkyū Islands, and Bonin - Includes islands .
Quote
1870 Dec. - The term "Bean curd" is first used by Emil V. Bretschneider, writing in English in the Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (Foochow, p. 173). He said: "Bean-curd is one of the most important articles of food in China." Then he gave an accurate description of how it was made.
Works (selection)
- A complete list can be found in Hartmut Walravens: Emil Bretschneider - Russian embassy doctor, geographer and researcher of Chinese botany: a bibliography , Hamburg, Bell 1983, Han-pao tung-Ya shu-chi mu-lu; 22. ISBN 3-923308-25-6
- History of European Botanical Discoveries in China , 1898, (Reprint: Leipzig, Zentral-Antiquariat der DDR 1962)
-
Botanicon Sinicum. Notes on Chinese Botany from Native and Western Sources . 3 volumes. London, Trübner 1882/1892/1893 (reprint of all volumes in Shanghai 1895)
- Part 1 Notes on Chinese Botany from Native and Western Sources , 1882
- Part 2 The Botany of the Chinese Classics: With Annotations, Appendix and Index , with Ernst Faber, 1892
- Part 3 Botanical investigations into the materia medica of the ancient Chinese , 1895
- Mediaeval researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources: fragments towards the knowledge of the geography and history of Central and Western Asia from the 13th to the 17th century , London, Trübner's Oriental Series 1888 (2 volumes) (Reprint: Frankfurt a. M.: Institute for the Hist. of Arabic-Islamic Science at the JW Goethe University 1996) ( digitized 1 , 2 )
- Recherches archéologiques et historiques sur Pékin et ses environs , Paris, Leroux 1879 (Publications de l'école des langues orientales vivantes; Série 1, 12)
- History of European Botanical Discoveries in China , London, Sampson Low, Marston 1898, 2 volumes (reprinted in Leipzig, Zentral-Antiquariat 1981)
- Map of China and the surrounding regions . 2nd edition. Kelly & Walsh, 1900 ( online )
- The Beijing plain and the neighboring mountainous country , Gotha, Perthes 1876 (Petermann's Geographische Mittheilungen. Supplementary booklet N ° 46) ( digitized version )
- Fu-Sang, or who discovered America , Beijing 1870
- Ta-Ts'in Kuo, S.-A. , Beijing 1870
- Notes on Chinese medieval travelers to the West , Shanghai 1875
- Notices of the medieval geography and history of Central and Western Asia , London 1876
- Early European researches into the flora of China , Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press 1881
- On the knowledge possessed by the ancient Chinese on the Arabs , London 1871
literature
- Vitaly Naumkin (ed.). The Bretschneider Albums. 19th Century Paintings of Life in China. Reading, Eng. Garnet 1995; ISBN 1-85964-010-9 (Catalog of the remarkable paintings commissioned in 1866 by Emil Vasilyevich Bretschneider)
- (Obituary) "Dr. Emil Bretschneider ”; In: The Geographical Journal 18, No. 1 (Jul., 1901), p. 95
- WM Karew: The Germans of Russia , Volume 1 (Немцы России: А-И), ERN, 1999, page 225 (Russian)
Web links
- Literature by and about Emil Bretschneider in the catalog of the German National Library
- Author entry and list of the described plant names for Emil Bretschneider at the IPNI
- 300 years of the Russian Orthodox Church in China
- Biography , Biographical Encyclopedia (Russian)
- Album academicum of the Imperial University of Dorpat , Dorpat 1889
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Emil Bretschneider. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bretschneider, Emil |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bretschneider, Emil Vasilievitch; Бретшнейдр, Эмил Васильевич |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian embassy doctor, sinologist, geographer and researcher of Chinese botany |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 4th July 1833 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Riga |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 12, 1901 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |