Emmanouil Tsouderos

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Emmanouil Tsouderos

Emmanouil J. Tsouderos ( Greek Εμμανουήλ Τσουδερός , born July 19, 1882 in Rethymno on Crete ; † February 10, 1956 in Nervi near Genoa ) was a Greek politician and Prime Minister .

Family and studies

Tsouderos came from a well-known Cretan family. He is the father of former Assistant Secretary of State and MP Virginia Tsouderou .

He studied economics at universities in Greece and abroad.

Political career

MP

Tsouderos began his political career in 1906 when he was elected Member of the Parliament of Crete. After the unification (Ενωσις) of Crete with Greece as a result of the Balkan Wars in 1913 he was elected a member of the National Assembly (Voulí ton Ellínon) . Soon afterwards he joined the Liberal Party of Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and was re-elected to the National Assembly for them in the elections of 1915 and 1920.

Minister and Governor of the Bank of Greece

Shortly thereafter, Venizelos appointed him Minister of Transport. In addition, from 1918 he repeatedly represented Greece at international conferences. He also held the post of Minister of Transport in the fourth cabinet of Venizelos from January to February 1924.

In the cabinets of Alexandros Papanastasiou and Themistoklis Sofoulis he was finance minister from May to June 1924 and from July to October 1924.

In 1925 he was appointed lieutenant governor of the National Bank. In this capacity he negotiated in 1927 with representatives of the League of Nations the establishment of the Bank of Greece as the new central bank of Greece. The establishment was established on September 15, 1927 by an annex to the Geneva Protocol . On May 14, 1928, the Bank of Greece officially began operating. On April 21, 1928, Tsouderos became the first lieutenant governor. After the resignation of Alexandros Diomidis as governor of the Bank of Greece on September 29, 1931, he was succeeded as governor on October 31, 1931. He held this office initially until August 13, 1935 and then again from March 20, 1936 to July 10, 1939. During his tenure, the bank's building was built and inaugurated between 1933 and 1938.

German occupation and Prime Minister 1941 to 1944

After the occupation of Greece by troops of the German Wehrmacht in April 1941 and the subsequent suicide of the incumbent Prime Minister Alexandros Koryzis on April 18, 1941, on April 21, 1941, he accepted the order from King George II to form a government. Two days later he went to Crete with his cabinet. Just a month later, during the airborne battle for Crete , the government went into exile in Egypt and later in England.

As Prime Minister he drafted a memorandum with the King in 1942 to the British Government , which provided that Greece should receive rule over Cyprus as compensation for war. In the wake of the turmoil of the war and due to the growth of the communist resistance movement , he finally resigned from his post as Prime Minister on April 13, 1944, also under pressure from the British government. During his tenure, he was at the same time Foreign Minister (April 1941), Finance Minister (April 1941 to September 1941 and June 1943 to April 1944) and Minister of the Interior (May 1942 to April 1944).

post war period

From November 1945 to April 1946 he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Coordination in Sofoulis' first post-war cabinet. His last position in the cabinet of Marshal Alexandros Papagos was from 19 November 1952 to 6 October 1955 without a portfolio.

Publications

  • Emmanouil Tsouderos: Greek abnormalities in the Middle East ; Athens 1945.
  • Emmanouil Tsouderos: Provisioning 1941-1944 ; 1946
  • Emmanouil Tsouderos: Diplomatic backstages ; Athens 1950.

literature

  • Ilyias Venezis: Emmanouil Tsouderos: the Prime Minister of battle of Crete and his season . Athens 1966.
  • Walter Puchner: Tsuderos, Emmanuil . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 4. Munich 1981, pp. 360-362
  • Virginia Tsouderou: Historical file 1941-1944 Emmanouil J. Tsouderos . 5 volumes. Athens 1990, ISBN 960-7038-01-0 .

Biographical sources and background information

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stephen Taylor (ed.): Who's Who in Central and East – Europe: 1935–36 . Central European Times Pub. Co., Zurich 1937, p. 1009.
  2. ↑ List of the Greek lieutenant governors 1928–2002 ( Memento of October 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 19 kB)
  3. ^ List of Greek governors 1928–2002 ( Memento of October 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 15 kB).
predecessor Office successor
Alexandros Koryzis Prime Minister of Greece
1941–1944 		Sophoklis Venizelos
personal data
SURNAME Tsouderos, Emmanouil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tsouderos, Emmanouil J .; Τσουδερός, Εμμανουήλ (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Greek politician and prime minister
DATE OF BIRTH July 19, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Rethymno in Crete
DATE OF DEATH February 10, 1956
Place of death Nervi