English skin fern

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English skin fern
English skin fern (Hymenophyllum tunbrigense) in Luxembourg

English skin fern ( Hymenophyllum tunbrigense ) in Luxembourg

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Skin ferns (Hymenophyllales)
Family : Skin fern family (Hymenophyllaceae)
Genre : Skin ferns ( Hymenophyllum )
Type : English skin fern
Scientific name
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense
( L. ) Sm.

The English skin fern ( Hymenophyllum tunbrigense ) is a species of skin fern ( Hymenophyllum ) in the skin fern family (Hymenophyllaceae).

description

Illustration: English skin fern ( Hymenophyllum tunbrigense ), left; Top right (B) the beech fern ( Phegopteris connectilis ) is shown, bottom right (C) the thin-leaved nude fern ( Anogramma leptophylla )

The English skin fern is a relatively small, perennial herbaceous plant and only reaches heights of 2 to 6 centimeters. It grows like a moss with a horizontally creeping rhizome that creeps on rock walls or trees. The matt dark green leaves are 2 to 8 centimeters long and relatively thin with only one layer of cells; they are lobed. The petiole is up to 3 centimeters long, winged in front like the leaf spindle and half as long as the double pinnate blade. The sheet has 7 to 15 sheet sections on each side. These are pinnate on both sides of the lower ones, only on the front of the upper ones. The leaf lobes are linear-elongated and sharply serrated with only one central nerve. At the top, the tips are trimmed or rounded.

The sori are found at the base of the front part of the leaves. They are spherical and stand at the end of the short, lowest lateral nerve of a section of the leaf. They are covered by two lobes of the veil that are only fused at the base. These lobes are semicircular to obovate and sawed in the front half. The spores are spherical to tetrahedral. The spore ripening is in August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.

Occurrence

The distribution area extends from Mexico over Central America to the west side of South America , includes South Africa and East Africa . In Europe, the English skin fern is restricted to the Atlantic areas of Western Europe . In Europe, its focus is on the British Isles, especially on their west side. The English skin fern also occurs occasionally on islands such as Mauritius , Tristan da Cunha , and Juan Fernández as well as the Azores, Canaries and Madeira . Numerous occurrences are extinct. In Europe, the English skin fern is found in the Azores, Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Occurrences on the Balkan Peninsula and in the Czech Republic are extinct. The English skin fern thrives in Europe on damp, shaded sandstone rocks between mosses and liverworts in a humid position . It thrives in epilithic cryptogam societies of the Hymenophyllion Association.

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Trichomanes tunbrigense by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. Was published in 1794 by James Edward Smith . The specific epithet tunbrigense refers to the town of Tunbridge Wells in Kent , where it was first found. The spelling of Linné as tunbrigense may not be changed or corrected in tunbridgense , even if JE Smith did this when he recombined Trichomanes tunbrigense in Linné.

literature

  • Josef Dostál: Hymenophyllaceae skin fern plants. In: Karl Ulrich Kramer (ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 1 Pteridophyta . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-489-50020-2 , p. 121-123 .
  • DA Webb: Hymenophyllum Sm. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 15 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Y. Krippel: The Hymenophyllaceae (Pteridophyta) in Luxembourg: past, present and future ( Sandstone, Landscapes in Europe: Past, Present and Future: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Sandstone Landscapes, Vianden (Luxembourg) May 25-28, 2005 . ) In: Ferrantia. Volume 44, 2005, pp. 209–214, (PDF file; approx. 13 MB)
  • Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. Volume 1: Pteridophyta (Psilotaceae to Azollaceae). Akateeminen Kirjakaupa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1972. p. 61.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 71-72 .

Web links

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