Entylomataceae

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Entylomataceae
Entyloma achilleae on a yarrow

Entyloma achilleae on a yarrow

Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Ustilaginomycotina
Class : Exobasidiomycetes
Order : Entylomatales
Family : Entylomataceae
Scientific name of the  order
Entylomatales
R. Bauer & Oberw.
Scientific name of the  family
Entylomataceae
R. Bauer & Oberw.

The Entylomataceae are a family of smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina) and like all smut fungi are parasites of plants . They are the only family of the order Entylomatales .

Features and way of life

The representatives of the Entylomatales are characterized by having local zones of interaction with the host plants. Intracellular hyphae or haustoria are not formed. The interaction apparatus is simple, lens-shaped and consists of electron-dense, homogeneous material. It is located between the plasmalemma of the fungus and its cell wall . Sometimes it is also separated from the plasmalemma by a secondary wall layer. In the contact zone of the hypha with the host, several interacting vesicles initially arise, which initially resemble those of the Ustilaginomycetes . They fuse to form a large vesicle, which exocytosis deposits electron-dense material between the plasmalemma and the cell wall. Material of the interaction apparatus is transferred through the host's cell wall, which manifests itself in a higher electron density in the cell wall and the deposition of electron-dense material between the wall and the host's plasma lemma.

The septal pores between the hyphae cells are simple.

In Entyloma, the spores are formed within the leaf tissue of the host plant, similar to Doassansiales , but not in spore balls. The teliospores are formed individually and are bright. They form holobasidia . The anamorphic stages form conidia on the leaf surface of the host and are probably responsible for the mass infections that sometimes occur. Entyloma ficariae can attack entire populations of the lesser celandine ( Ranunculus ficaria ) within a few weeks .

Only dicots are attacked as hosts , the spores only arise here on vegetative organs, predominantly on the leaves of the host.

Systematics

The Entylomatales belong to the Exobasidiomycetes . According to Begerow et al. (2006) from the genus Entyloma and some anamorphs :

  • Entylomatales
    • Entylomataceae
      • Entyloma
      • Tilletiopsis cremea ( anamorphic )
      • Tilletiopsis lilacina (anamorphic)
      • Tilletiopsis washingtonensis (anamorphic)

Some species, which were previously counted as Entyloma , and which parasitize on monocots , have been divided into several genera in the Georgefischeriales .

supporting documents

  • Robert Bauer, Franz Oberwinkler, Kálmán Vánky: Ultrastructural markers and systematics in smut fungi and allied taxa . Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 75, 1997, pp. 1273-1314.
  • Dominik Begerow, Matthias Stoll, Robert Bauer: A phylogenetic hypothesis of Ustilaginomycotina based on multiple gene analyzes and morphological data . Mycologia, Vol. 98, 2006, pp. 906-916. doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.906

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DS Hibbett and 66 other authors: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . Mycological research, Vol. 111, 2007, pp. 509-547. PMID 17572334 (PDF; 1.3 MB)

Web links

Commons : Entylomataceae  - collection of images, videos, and audio files