Ernst Jokl

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Ernst Jokl 1992

Ernst Franz Jokl (born August 3, 1907 in Breslau ; † December 13, 1997 in Lexington , Kentucky , USA ) was a German-American pioneer in sports medicine .

Life

Germany (1907–1933)

Jokl attended Johannes-Gymnasium in Breslau and graduated from high school in 1925. He then studied medicine at the Universities of Breslau and Berlin . Jokl, who was enthusiastic about sport all his life, was a competitive athlete himself as a young man . As a track and field athlete at VfB Breslau and Bar Kochba Breslau, he ran the 400 m hurdles in 58.0 seconds in 1927 . In the same year he was German runner-up in the 4 x 400 meter relay . He was nominated as a successor for the Olympic competitions in Amsterdam in 1928 , but was not used.

In 1928 he passed his exams as a sports teacher . After his doctorate as Dr. med. In 1930 he became an assistant at the University of Breslau and in 1931, at the age of 23, head of the newly established Institute for Sports Medicine at the University of Breslau , the first of its kind in Germany. After the National Socialists came to power , he emigrated to South Africa in 1933 because of his Jewish descent . He did not accept a call to succeed Adolf Loewy as head of the Swiss Research Institute for High Mountain Climate and Medicine in Davos , where he had worked as a scholarship holder in the winter months of 1930/31 and 1931/32.

South Africa (1933–1950)

Jokl trained the athletics team at Johannesburg's Witwatersrand University , which won the national university championship in 1935. He was then appointed to Stellenbosch University in 1936 . In 1937 he occupied the newly created chair for physical education at the Witwatersrand University. When the South African government established the National Advisory Board for Physical Education (NARLO) at the end of the 1930s, Jokl had a decisive influence on its administrative structure and politics. Under his leadership, a uniform curriculum for physical education was drawn up in 1940, based on the ideas of the Danish gymnastics teacher Niels Bukh (1880–1950). However, he oriented himself towards international developments and already laid the basis for his later network of sports medicine. During the Second World War , Jokl worked as an advisor to the South African armed forces . From 1943 to 1950 he was a ministerial assistant in the Ministry of Medicine and Education in Pretoria . In this position he promoted research in the fields of sports medicine and the physiology of sports .

USA (1952–1997)

In 1950 Jokl returned to Germany. He worked for a short time at the German Sport University Cologne before moving to the State University of Kentucky in Lexington in 1952 to set up the university's medical rehabilitation center . Until his retirement in 1976 he remained as professor of neurology and sports medicine in Lexington.

In 1954, Jokl was one of the eleven founders of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), today the largest sports medicine organization with over 50,000 members and certified specialists worldwide (2016). In 1958 he initiated the establishment of the World Council for Sport and Physical Education at UNESCO , renamed the World Council for Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE) in 1982 . From 1960 to 1977 he headed the research commission of this organization. Jokl was a consultant and team doctor for the American Olympic team.

In 1973 he was honorary professor at the Free University of Berlin and in 1974 at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main .

Ernst Jokl died in Lexington in 1997 at the age of 90. His family donated his extensive book and magazine collection (approx. 5,500 volumes) to the German Sport University Cologne in 1998.

Familiar

Jokl was married to the sports teacher Erika Lestmann ( Olympic participant 1928 ). His son Peter also became a sports medicine specialist. The daughter Marion Jokl Ball (* 1940) studied mathematics and worked successfully in the field of medical informatics .

Scientific work

Ernst Jokl was one of the leading sports medicine specialists of the 20th century. He did pioneering work in several areas of his subject. He was the author or editor of 27 books. He published 261 scientific journal articles.

The focus of his scientific work was

Honors

Ernst Jokl has received several awards for his outstanding contribution to the development of sports medicine. He received the following awards, among others:

  • Harveian Society Buckston-Browne Prize
  • United States Sports Academy Distinguished Service Award
  • Medal of Honor of the World Association for Sports Medicine
  • Bronze medal from the German Sport University Cologne
  • Large Federal Cross of Merit

In April 1986 he became an honorary member of the Society for Sports Medicine of the GDR .

The German Sport University Cologne awarded him an honorary doctorate on January 12, 1991. One place on campus is called Ernst-Jokl-Platz. A medical center is named after him in his birthplace, Wroclaw.

The US Sports Academy has awarded the Dr. Ernst Jokl Sports Medicine Award to an individual for outstanding contributions in the field of sports medicine. The winners include Roger Bannister (1994), Jacques Rogge (1996) and Eric Heiden (2003).

Fonts (selection)

  • The type of the Jewish sportsman. A constitutional study. In: The Maccabi. Organ of the German Circle in the Maccabi World Association , 1929, p. 4f.
  • Breakdowns in sports. Manz'sche publishing and university bookstore, Vienna 1936
  • Aviation Medicine. Unie-Volkspers Beperk, Cape Town 1943
  • Age and performance , Springer, Berlin 1954
  • with MJ Karvonen, J. Kihlberg, A. Koskela and L. Noro: Sports in the Cultural Pattern of the World: a Study of the 1952 Olympic Games at Helsinki , Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 1956
  • The Clinical Physiology of Physical Fitness and Rehabilitation , Thomas, Springfield 1958
  • What is Sports medicine? , Thomas, Springfield 1964
  • Exercise and Altitude , Karger, Basel 1968
  • Physiology of Exercise , Thomas, Springfield 1971

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b Floris Van der Merwe, Ernst Franz Jokl as the Father of Physical Education in South Africa (PDF; 61 kB), North American Society For Sport History, Proceedings & Newsletter 1990, p. 81.
  2. ↑ Frank Litsky, Dr. Ernst F. Jokl, a Pioneer In Sports Medicine, Dies at 90 , New York Times of December 21, 1997. The exact date of death is not explicitly stated. “Last Saturday” could also mean December 20th.
  3. ↑ Short biographies of the honorary doctors of the German Sport University Cologne ( Memento from October 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 763 kB)
  4. ↑ Hanns-Christian Gunga, Life and Work of the Berlin Physiologist Nathan Zuntz (1847–1920) , Matthiesen, Husum 1989 ISBN 3-7868-4058-X p. 277
  5. ^ Arnd Krüger : The History of Middle and Long Distance Running in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century . In: Arnd Krüger, Angela Teja (eds.): La Comune Eredita´ dello Sport in Europe: Atti del 1 Seminario Europeo di Storia dello Sport , CONI, Rome 1997, pp. 117–124.
  6. ^ Daniel Svensson: How Much Sport is there in Sport Physiology? Practice and Ideas in the Stockholm School of Physiology at GCI, 1941-1969 . In: The International Journal of the History of Sport 30, No. 8, 2013, pp. 892-913.
  7. ↑ About ACSM. Who we are. from the American College of Sports Medicine, accessed January 10, 2016
  8. ↑ Ernst Jokl's estate collection at the central library of the German Sport University Cologne, March 26, 2008
  9. ↑ Frank Litsky: Dr. Ernst F. Jokl, a Pioneer In Sports Medicine, Dies at 90 . In: New York Times , December 21, 1997
  10. ↑ Dr. Ernst Jokl Sports Medicine Award on the homepage of the American Sport Art Museum and Archives, accessed October 17, 2015
  11. ^ German National Library, call number ZB 13625; and the National Library of Israel , Harvard University , Harvard College Library, and the New York Public Library System
personal data
SURNAME Jokl, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jokl, Ernst Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American sports medicine specialist
DATE OF BIRTH August 3, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1997
Place of death Lexington, Kentucky