Ernst Stuck

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Ernst Stuck (born December 19, 1893 in Grünhain , † November 20, 1974 in Krefeld ) was a German dentist . During the time of National Socialism , he was Reichszahnärzteführer and had influence on the synchronization of the dental profession and their organizations as well as the implementation of the National Socialist ideology.

Life

Youth and education

The son of a postal secretary spent the first years of his life in the lower civil service in his native Grünhain. When his father was transferred, the family first moved to Augustusburg and then to Hilbersdorf near Chemnitz . There he attended the Royal Gymnasium in Chemnitz , where he passed the final exams in March 1914 . First he studied theology at the University of Greifswald , but interrupted it to serve as a volunteer in the First World War . He was initially stationed in Riesa and Fulda , later as a lieutenant in a mine throwing unit. He was awarded the Iron Cross I and II Class , the Albrecht Cross with Swords II Class, the Order of Merit with Swords and the Front Cross Wounded Badge.

In October 1918 he resumed his studies in Greifswald, and two months later switched to the University of Leipzig , where he began studying dentistry. In October 1920 he passed his state examination and established himself as a dentist in Leipzig. In February 1921 he was awarded a doctorate for his work “On the change in teeth in congenital syphilis”. med. dent. PhD . He was also involved at association level. In 1924 he was elected to the board of the Leipzig Dental Association and was its chairman from 1928 to 1930. From 1930 he was a member of the board of the regional association of Saxon dentists.

During the Third Reich

After the First World War he worked briefly in the Freikorps Grenzschutz Ost . After receiving his doctorate, he joined the German National People's Party (DNVP), which he left in 1928. In 1930 he joined the NSDAP and was registered there with membership number 311896. This was followed by joining the NSD Medical Association . Bernhard Hörmann , head of the main public health department in the NSDAP, appointed him Reich adviser to his department in 1932. He became a member of the SA in 1933 .

After the seizure of power he was given extensive powers by the Reich leadership of the NSDAP. On May 23, 1933, he issued an order with which the synchronization of the dental profession began. In the next few months he devoted himself to the creation of a " united front " that should encompass the entire profession, that is, in addition to dentists, also representatives of teaching and science. However, this ultimately failed due to the resistance of the dentists and their specialist representatives, who wanted to continue to see their profession as independent. Stuck was supposed to succeed in reaching an agreement in the course of tough negotiations, but the realization fell in the period after the Second World War and was therefore no longer taken into account due to the defeat of the German Reich .

On August 22, 1933, he was formally appointed "Reichsführer der Zahnärzte" by Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick ; in fact, he had held this position since March. At the same time he was also head of the German Association of Statutory Health Insurance Dentists (KZVD).

From 1937 on, Stuck had a teaching position for dental professional studies at the Berlin University and was in charge of the creation of the German Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine (DGfZ). It was a large scientific organization to which all parts of dental teaching and research belonged.

Stuck's role in the implementation of the Nuremberg Race Laws and the associated displacement of Jews, other "non-Aryan" people and communists from the profession remained unclear . Although he supported the laws and issued an order on February 27, 1936 for Jewish dentists to practice their profession, he later stated that he was only concerned with “the weal and woe of dentists. To them alone [he] felt connected in these twelve years but not to party ideology ”. In fact, he was even affected by the effects of the Nuremberg Laws: In contrast to many of his colleagues, who held a similarly important position in the health system of National Socialist Germany, he was denied all party offices. Since Struck belonged to a Masonic lodge from 1924 to 1927 , he had to resign from his position on the board of the NSD-Ärztebund, and he was denied membership of the Advisory Council on Public Health. He was also able to point out later that his long-term competitor Karl Pieper was responsible for the “cleanup” and thus the smooth implementation of the laws.

After the Second World War

After Stuck finished his work relatively undisturbed under the Soviet occupation in the Berlin dentist's house, he was arrested on May 20, 1945. He was initially imprisoned in special camp No. 6 Jamlitz and in April 1947 came to special camp No. 2 Buchenwald . On July 16, 1948, he was finally released as harmless. He had to face another denazification process in autumn 1948 , but it never came to a conclusion. On April 3, 1950, the Berlin-Steglitz Chamber Committee finally decided on his rehabilitation. After his release from prison he had set up a new dental practice in Berlin with a limited work permit. Due to the threatening situation in Berlin, he moved with his family to Krefeld in October 1950, where he set up his own practice and worked as a dentist until January 1st, 1971. Although he was no longer involved in the professional associations, his advice was sought several times. His knowledge was used by the Research Institute for the History of Dentistry, but Stuck was also active in an advisory capacity for the new professional association.

Stuck died on November 20, 1974 in Krefeld.

literature

  • Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 .
  • Ines Vogt: Reichszahnärzteführer Ernst Stuck (1893-1974) and his role in professional dental politics during the Nazi era . Dresden 2013. (Dissertation)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 45 f .
  2. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 47 .
  3. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 50 .
  4. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 47 f .
  5. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 611
  6. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 90 f .
  7. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 60 .
  8. ↑ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon ... , p. 611
  9. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 62 .
  10. ↑ quoted from Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their professional representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 71 .
  11. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 71 .
  12. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 68 .
  13. ↑ Caris-Petra Heidel: The contribution of the dental profession and their representatives to the implementation of National Socialist ideology and politics in dentistry . In: Wolfgang Kirchhoff, Caris-Petra Heidel (ed.): "... totally finished with National Socialism?". The never-ending story of dentistry under National Socialism . Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-938304-21-1 , p. 68 .
personal data
SURNAME Stuck, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German dentist functionary
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Grünhain
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1974
Place of death Krefeld