Escallonia myrtilloides
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Escallonia myrtilloides var. Macrantha |
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Escallonia myrtilloides is a species of plant in the genus Escallonia in the family Escalloniaceae . It is native to the Andes .
description
Escallonia myrtilloides grows as a shrub that reaches three to seven meters in height. Its branches are long and straight. They carry short, densely leafy, flower-bearing side branches. The approximately 9–12 mm long and approximately 5 mm wide, dark, glossy, glandular leaves are wedge-shaped, obovate and slightly serrated.
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The hermaphroditic, five-fold radial symmetry, up to 1.5 cm long, more or less nodding flowers stand individually. The smooth or slightly glandular, overgrown calyx has five teeth about 3 mm long and is permanent. The five green to greenish-white, spatulate obovate, about 6 mm long petals are obsolete. The style protrudes over the calyx by about 5 mm when the fruit is ripe and has a nail-like shape with the large stigma. The flowering time is in June and July. The fruits are two-chamber capsules .
Common names
In Quechua , this species is called t'asta (in Ruiz and Pavón tassta ), monte chachakuma , hispanic monte chachacoma or simply chachakuma or hispanic chachacoma , which is also the Quechua name for Escallonia resinosa .
distribution
Escallonia myrtilloides grows in the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia . In Peru it grows at altitudes of 3500 to 3900 meters.
T'asta was an important part of the Andes' natural vegetation, but its population has declined due to its use for firewood, construction timber and overgrazing.
use
Escallonia myrtilloides is a very hard wood from which tools are traditionally made. Baskets are woven from the flexible, elongated stem axes. The plant is also used as a supplier of firewood.
Systematics
The first description of Escallonia myrtilloides , the type species of the genus Escallonia described at the same time by the botanist José Celestino Mutis , was published by Carl Linné the Younger in 1781. Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez described the same species in 1798 under the synonym Stereoxylon patens (as a type of a genus Stereoxylon ), but pointed to the synonymy with Escallonia myrtilloides . The stereoxylon species described in the same place were placed by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1805 as part of the genus Escallonia .
Individual evidence
- ↑ MOBOT: Escallonia myrtilloides
- ↑ 4 fathoms according to Ruiz and Pavón.
- ↑ a b c d e Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis, anno 1798, auctoribus Hippolyto Ruiz et Josepho Pavon. Tomus primus. Pagina 66. Stereoxylon patens.
- ^ A b J. Francis McBride (1935): Flora of Peru, p. 1029.
- ↑ a b c Christine Franquemont, Timothy Plowman, Edward Franquemont, Steven R. King, Christine Niezgoda, Wade Davis, Calvin R. Sperling (1990): The Ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean Community in Southern Peru. Fieldiana Botany, New Series No. 24, 1-126, (PDF; 9.8 MB) p. 96.
- ↑ Example: http://www.edym.com/pm/promanu/web07/28cap02anex01.pdf
- ↑ Example: http://www.parkswatch.org/parkprofile.php?l=eng&country=bol&park=apna&page=bio
- ^ Daniel W. Gade (1999): Nature and culture in the Andes. P. 42-48: Deforestation and reforestation of the central andean highlands.
- ↑ South America - trip of the botany section of the NWV August 16. - 03.09. 2001 ( Memento of the original from May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Carl von Linné (filius): Supplementum plantarum systematis vegetabilium editionis decimae tertiae, generum plantarum editionis sextae, et specierum plantarum editionis secundae. Brunsviga 1781
- ↑ Christiaan Hendrik Persoon: Synopsis plantarum. Pars great. Parisii Lutetiorum, 1805. p. 234., n.522. Escallonia.
Web links
- Escallonia myrtilloides on MOBOT (Spanish)
- Images of Escallonia myrtilloides