Escallonia resinosa

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Escallonia resinosa
Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Escalloniales
Family : Escalloniaceae
Genre : Escallonia
Type : Escallonia resinosa
Scientific name
Escallonia resinosa
( Ruiz & Pav. ) Pers.

Escallonia resinosa is a species of plant in the genus Escallonia in the family Escalloniaceae . It is native to the central Andes , particularly Peru .

description

Escallonia resinosa grows as a shrub or as a tree that reaches heights of two to ten meters. Its flowering branches are rod-shaped, angled and shiny. They carry short, densely leafy side branches. The approximately 2–4 cm long and 7–13 mm wide single-veined leaves of the leaves are elongated, obovate and slightly serrated. They are grayish on the underside due to the hair and shiny on the upper side, they have decrepit glands on the edge. The petiole is 5–6 mm long.

The hermaphroditic, five-fold radial symmetry flowers are in dense racemose panicles . The smooth, 5 mm long fused calyx has five short teeth and is permanent. The five (sometimes four) white, spatulate petals and the five stamens, each with two anthers, are about the same length with 5 mm. The approximately 4 mm long stylus is provided with a lobed scar. The flowering period lasts from January to March. The fruits are two-chamber capsules .

Common names

In Quechua this species is called chachakuma , chachaquma , urqu chachakuma (to differentiate between china chachakuma, Escallonia tucumanensis and t'asta, Escallonia myrtilloides ) or kuti kiswara , in Spanish chachacoma (also with Ruiz and Pavón) or chachacomo . In Bolivia and Chile, on the other hand, the very similar Aymara name chachaq'uma or the Hispanic form chachacoma is used for some species of the unrelated genus Senecio ( Compositae , including Senecio nutans, Senecio graveolens and Senecio eriophyton) .

distribution

Escallonia resinosa grows in the Andes of Peru at an altitude of 2600 to 4000 meters, preferably at 3200-3700 meters.

Chachakuma formed an important part of the natural vegetation of the Peruvian Andes. The Inca built Chachakuma in the period from about 1400 because of its hard wood, which they used for building purposes, as a forest tree to (mallki unlike wild trees sach'a) . Since then, its stock has declined sharply due to its use for firewood, construction timber and overgrazing.

Escallonia resinosa is intended for reforestation measures in the Andean region together with also indigenous Polylepis species, Escallonia myrtilloides , Schinus molle , Buddleja incana and Buddleja coriacea .

use

Escallonia resinosa has very hard wood, from which tools such as weaving swords and furniture are traditionally made. Baskets are woven from young shoots. B. serve to dry potatoes. The plant is also used as a supplier of firewood. In folk medicine, its fragrant resin or its extracts serve to strengthen the organism and for oral care.

The larvae of the butterfly Metardaris cosinga (family Hesperiidae ), called wayt'ampu in Quechua , feed on the leaves of the Chachakuma tree, are eaten grilled and sold in the markets of Cusco .

Systematics

The species was first described by the Spanish botanists Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez and published in 1798 under the name Stereoxylon resinosum . Christiaan Hendrik Persoon placed them in 1805 as well as the other Stereoxylon species described by Ruiz and Pavón to the genus Escallonia L. f. 1781, so that the species was named Escallonia resinosa . Another synonym is Escallonia multiflora Presl .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis, anno 1798, auctoribus Hippolyto Ruiz et Josepho Pavon. Tomus primus. P. 389.
  2. ↑ a b c d J. Francis McBride: Flora of Peru. 1935, p. 1025.
  3. ↑ a b c d Berta Loja Herrera: Contribución al estudio florístico de la provincia de Concepción (Junín), Resultados. P. 10: 8. Familia Saxifragaceae: Escallonia Mutis ex L. f., Escallonia resinosa (R. & P.) Pers. (PDF file; 196 kB)
  4. ↑ a b Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur: Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa. Qosqo, Piruw 2006. p. 40.
  5. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa: Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha. La Paz - Bolivia, 2007. p. 18.
  6. ↑ a b c Christine Franquemont, Timothy Plowman, Edward Franquemont, Steven R. King, Christine Niezgoda, Wade Davis, Calvin R. Sperling (1990): The Ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean Community in Southern Peru. Fieldiana Botany, New Series No. 24, 1–126, (PDF file; 9.3 MB) p. 96.
  7. ↑ a b Denis Arica S .: Algunas Especies Forestales Nativas Para la Zona Altoandina. ( Memento of the original from July 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 210 kB) p. 4, here "orko chachacuma"  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.condesan.org
  8. ↑ Susana Arrázola Rivero, Margoth Atahuachi, Edwin Saravia, Alvaro Lopez, Diversidad floristica medicinal y potencial etnofarmacológico de las plantas de los valles secos de Cochabamba - Bolivia ( Memento of the original of August 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (kastilla simi; PDF file; 723 kB), pp. 70–76. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cedsip.org
  9. ^ A b Daniel W. Gade: Nature and culture in the Andes. 1999, pp. 42-48: Deforestation and reforestation of the central andean highlands.
  10. ↑ South America - trip of the botany section of the NWV August 16. - September 3, 2001 ( Memento of the original from May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.naturwissenschaft-ktn.at
  11. ↑ Senecio eriophyton, chachacoma | Tesauro Regional Patrimonial. Retrieved August 17, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Alex Chepstow-Lusty, Mark Winfield (2000): Inca Agroforestry: Lessons from the Past. In: Ambio . Vol. 29 no. 6, Sept. 2000. p. 325. online pdf
  13. ^ Yachay Wasi: Million Native Trees Campaign in the Peruvian Andes
  14. ↑ Fortunato L. Herrera: Contribución a la flora del departamento del Cuzco. 1921, p. 143.
  15. ↑ Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur: Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa. Qosqo, Piruw 2006. p. 737.
  16. ↑ Carl von Linné (son): Supplementum plantarum systematis vegetabilium editionis decimae tertiae, generum plantarum editionis sectae, et specierum plantarum editionis secundae. Brunsviga 1781.
  17. ↑ Christiaan Hendrik Persoon: Synopsis plantarum. Pars great. Parisii Lutetiorum, 1805. p. 234., n.522. Escallonia.
  18. ↑ Rel. Haenk. 2: 48. pi. 57, 1831.

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