Eschenburg Park
The Eschenburgpark is a park in Lübeck .
location
The Eschenburgpark is located in the St. Gertrud district not far from Travemünder Allee . It is bounded in the east by the Jerusalem Mountain, in the north by Konstinstrasse and in the west by Gertrudenstrasse . To the south, the park borders the property of the Dorothea Schlözer School .
history
The meadows in front of the castle gate , which formed a slope gently sloping towards the Trave , have been popular locations for the summer houses and associated gardens of wealthy Lübeck citizens since the 17th century because of their picturesque location .
The core of what would later become Eschenburg Park was formed by the Kuhlmannsche Garten , a long, narrow piece of land with a Kuhlmann villa (today's Eschenburg villa ) on the narrow eastern side, built around 1804 by the architect Christian Frederik Hansen for the cousin of the Baur brothers in Hamburg . The time when the garden was created can only be roughly narrowed down; a map from 1806 shows three smaller, clearly delimited lots. The earliest clearly datable representation of the garden is a plan of the area in front of the castle gate, which Carl Haase made in 1823. It shows the Kuhlmann garden as densely built with woods criss-crossed by paths that reach right up to the house; only in the eastern part there are ring-shaped plantings of individual trees. Presumably, in the style of contemporary English landscape gardens, trees, shrubs and kinks from the previous individual plots were retained in order to achieve a pleasing natural effect.
The eponymous owner had been the merchant and consul Johann Kuhlmann (1753-1804), whose daughter married the councilor and later mayor Bernhard Heinrich Frister, and had thus brought the garden into his property in 1822. His descendants sold the property and villa in 1876 to the entrepreneur Henry Koch , who expanded the garden to the north. Most of the large trees that still exist today come from this time.
In 1885 the garden became the property of Johann Hermann Eschenburg , who enlarged it considerably towards the south by buying it in the following year. A pond was created in the south-western area and in 1891 the entire property was surrounded by a representative wrought-iron fence. Little information is available about the specific design of the garden at that time, so that the arrangement and planting of flower beds or the nature of the woody plants can hardly be said. However, a preference for yews can be seen, and exotic ginkgo trees have now also been planted. After Gertrudenstraße there were areas used as a kitchen garden for growing fruit and vegetables, as well as a greenhouse .
In 1939, after the death of Eschenburg's widow, the house and property were transferred to the German Reich as the new owner. During the Second World War, the villa served as the residence of the Lübeck Police President Walther Schröder , the garden was neglected and overgrown. In the post-war years, residents leased parts of the area for growing vegetables and keeping animals, while the Schleswig-Holstein Music Academy and North German Organ School had been located in Villa Eschenburg since October 1950 .
In 1955 the city decided on the initiative of the city gardening director Ernst Hagemann in coordination with the music academy to make the garden accessible to the public. The basis for this agreement was a maintenance contract which regulates the rights and obligations of the city and the academy in the design, maintenance and use of the facility and which is still in force today. In 1957 the garden was opened to the public under the name Neuer Volksgarten ; Organizationally, it belonged to the school garden and was designed accordingly: The park was laid out as a dendrological teaching garden and was planted with rhododendrons , which were still rare in Europe at the time , including some valuable species. Because of the sometimes precious plants, the park was closed every day for many years when it got dark.
When it was redesigned as a school teaching garden, significant changes were made to the entire complex, which lost the original character of a private garden, although its maintenance was expressly part of the maintenance contract. Another major intervention occurred in 1970 when the vocational Dorothea Schlözer School was built on the south side of the former Pockenhof and part of the Eschenburg Park was ceded.
In 1986 the Horticultural Office was instructed by the citizenship to no longer actively maintain and design the Eschenburg Park for ecological reasons and instead, among other things, to remove the asphalt pavement of the paths that had been applied in the 1950s, to remove some of the paths and to carry out renaturation measures . As a result, parts of the valuable woody plantings were lost and the spatial effect of the park can no longer be determined due to increasing wild growth. When paths classified as superfluous were abolished, those that went back to the original layout of the early 19th century were also dropped, while paths that were retained from the 1950s no longer make sense, as they were geared towards no longer existing show plantings. The pond, which is no longer maintained, is increasingly silting up.
Because of its now unattractive appearance, the park is currently rarely visited.
literature
- Ernst Hagemann: The development of public green spaces and cemeteries in Lübeck since the end of the war in 1945 , in: Der Wagen , 1963, pp. 75–81
- Jan Zimmermann : St Gertrud 1860-1945 , Edition Temmen, Bremen 2007, p. 111
- Michael Gehrke: On the history of the Eschenburgpark , in: Der Wagen 2002, published by the society for the promotion of charitable activities . Hansisches Verlagkontor , Lübeck 2002. ISBN 3-87302-104-8
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Villa Kohlmann BIRL Citizens News 088
- ^ Hermann Reemtsma Foundation (ed.): The country house Baur by Christian F. Hansen in Altona . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich Berlin, 2005, ISBN 3-422-06541-5 , p. 24