Este (ship, 1930)
 The Estonians
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
The Este of the North German Lloyd (NDL) of 1930 is considered the last Quick freighter building new dikes of the shipping company. In contrast to the previous new buildings, it only had two masts instead of four. It was mostly used on the North American Pacific coast.
Before the outbreak of World War II , the ship sought refuge in Willemstad on Curacao . On May 10, 1940, the Este was confiscated by the Dutch authorities when the German Wehrmacht invaded the Netherlands.
When Suriname was brought back into service under the Dutch flag, the ship was on a trip from Trinidad to New York by the German U 558 to 12 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 63 ° 32 ′ 0 ″ W sunk.
History of the ship
The Este , which came into service with Norddeutscher Lloyd on August 12, 1930, is the NDL's last new express freighter before the Second World War.
The two-masted ship supplied by AG Weser was a single ship, which only resembled the previous express freighters in terms of its dimensions and also bore a river name with the name after the Este . From the Aller in 1927 to the Danube , which was completed at Vulkanwerft in Hamburg in 1929, the NDL had twelve fast freighters built, all of which had four masts and ran over 12 knots and were used on the long freight lines of the NDL to Australia, East Asia and the North American west coast.
Like the Isar and Danube , the Este , built under construction number 884, had extensive cold storage rooms (86,000 cubic feet) and was supposed to transport fruit from California to Europe. Launched on June 5, 1930, the Este was 158.75 m long and 19.47 m wide. Your triple expansion machine had a long history of use, as it was originally installed in the Schwaben, which was completed in 1926 near the Bremer Vulkan . In 1928 it was removed from the cargo ship to replace the starboard engine of the passenger steamer Columbus due to an engine breakdown. When the Columbus was rebuilt by the end of 1929 and received a new drive system with steam turbines, the former engine of the Swabians was removed again and now installed in the Este with an exhaust turbine . In this form she had a maximum output of 7,000 PSi and enabled the Estonian to reach a maximum speed of 15 knots (kn). She was the fastest cargo ship of the NDL until the takeover of the fast freighters Weser and Elbe, which were bought in 1934 . The Este was measured with 7,915 GRT and had a carrying capacity of 11,150 dwt. It was used with a crew of 71 and had space for up to 17 passengers.
Calls
From 1931 to 1936, the Este was in service on the line from Bremen to the American and Canadian ports on the Pacific coast and began three to four round trips every year. At the beginning she was on this line with the fast freighters Saale , Donau and Schwaben , on which the Hapag combined ships of the San Francisco type used.
The American boycott measures against German transporters that began in 1936 led to the ship's first departure from Bremen to Australia on January 14, 1937, where it arrived at the beginning of the fruit season and found sufficient cargo for its cold storage rooms. When she arrived in Adelaide at the beginning of March 1937 , for the first time in many years there were three German liner cargo ships in an Australian port, when the Augsburg (6512 GRT) of the NDL arrived from New Orleans and the turbine ship Bitterfeld (1930, 7659 GRT) the Hapag over Adelaide to Europe expired.
At the end of 1937, however, it was back on its main line, as the Germans accepted a lower load capacity. On the exits, the passenger capacity was mostly fully used by emigrants who wanted or had to leave the Third Reich . On June 6, 1939, the Estonians left their home port of Bremen for the last time on the US Pacific coast. In August 1939, on her return journey, she had already crossed the Panama Canal on 22/23. August happened as one of the last German ships when the warning messages about an imminent outbreak of war reached German ships worldwide.
The Este then called at the Dutch Willemstad on the Caribbean island of Curacao together with other German ships . In the spring of 1940 she was not one of the German merchant ships that were supposed to risk breaking out of Willemstad there with supplies supplemented by other ships and partly exchanged crews (see Mimi Horn , Seattle , Hanover ). The Este was confiscated on May 10, 1940 in response to the German invasion of the Netherlands. At the same time, seven other German ships in Curacao were seized by the Dutch authorities and put back into service under the Dutch flag.
Under the Dutch flag
The confiscated ship was named Suriname and was used by the Koninklijke Nederlandsche Stoomboot Maatschappij . In November 1940 she ran for the first time in a convoy from Halifax to Liverpool . In February 1941 the Suriname left Great Britain again. In January 1942 the former Estonian returned to Europe in convoy HX.169 and then drove via Freetown to India in March 1942 . Her last voyage was to take the ship with a cargo of 7,440 ts, including copper and sugar, from Mombasa via Trinidad to New York . In September 1942 she was assigned to convoy TAG.5 to Guantánamo in Trinidad, which left Trinidad on September 12 with nine ships and an American escort.
On the morning of September 13, 1942, U 558 attacked the convoy early in the morning and hit the Suriname at 12 ° 07'N, 63 ° 32'W with a torpedo. The ship fell out of escort and the crew left the ship. U 558 also succeeded in sinking the Empire Lugard (7241 BRT, 1941) during the first attack . A quarter of an hour later, the submarine fired another torpedo at the Suriname , which finally brought her to sink. Thirteen men died in the second hit in a lifeboat that was just being lowered in the hit area. Of the 82 men on board, 69 were rescued by an American escort boat brought by an airplane, which the survivors brought ashore in Willemstad the following day.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Kludas: Seeschiffe des NDL 1920-1970 , p. 68
- ↑ a b Kludas: Seeschiffe , p. 60 ff.
- ↑ NEW GERMAN STEAMER Daily Commercial News and Shipping List, February 4, 1931
- ^ Kludas: History of German Passenger Shipping , Vol. 5, p. 196
- ^ Ex Northwestern Miller (1915), 1927 purchase of Furness, Withy & Co. , renamed Augsburg , 1940 to Japan: Teiryo Maru ; Sister ship Southwestern Miller then Giessen , sunk off the Yangtze in 1929
- ↑ Panamacanal Records 1939
- ↑ Alemannia ex Alesia (1383 BRT, 1921), Frisia (560 BRT, 1930 / ´37 purchased) ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Patricia (3979 BRT, 1928) and Vancouver (8269 BRT, 1930) from Hapag as well as Henry Horn (3164 BRT, 1926) and Karibia (428 BRT, purchased in 1921 / ´22) from the HC Horn shipping company
Web links
- NEW GERMAN STEAMER Daily Commercial News and Shipping List, February 4, 1931
- GERMAN FRUIT SHIP PLACED ON AUSTRALIAN RUN, Steamer Este Affected By American Shipping Strike The Advertiser (Adelaide), March 2, 1937
- Sinking Suriname uboat.net
literature
- Arnold Kludas : Die Seeschiffe des Norddeutscher Lloyd 1920 to 1970 , Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1992, ISBN 3-7822-0534-0
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 4: Destruction and rebirth 1914 to 1930. Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1988, writings of the German Maritime Museum Volume 21.
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping Volume 5: An era comes to an end from 1930 to 1990 , writings of the German Shipping Museum Volume 22.