Eugenio Miozzi

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Eugenio Miozzi

Eugenio Miozzi (born September 16, 1889 in Brescia , † April 10, 1979 in Venice ) was an Italian engineer and architect. From 1931 to 1954 he was the city architect for the city of Venice.

life and career

After graduating from high school in Ancona, Miozzi studied architecture at the University of Bologna and completed his studies in Ingeneria Civile . In 1912 the Italian government sent him to Libya as an engineer , where he was mainly employed in road construction and in the expansion of port facilities. In 1919 he returned to Italy and initially worked as an engineer at the state building authorities in Udine and Belluno , where he quickly made a career and became a senior engineer. Between 1919 and 1927 he was responsible there for the construction of new bridges and for the restoration of those destroyed in the war. In 1927 he moved to Bolzanowhere construction measures to regulate the river were one of its main tasks. In addition, he designed schools, kindergartens and barracks that were built on the border with Austria.

When the AASS, the predecessor authority of ANAS, was founded in 1928, he became its head for the Veneto, Trento and Cadore areas. Under Miozzi the road over the Brenner was expanded over a distance of 207 km. He also built bridges again in Bozen, including the monumental Drusus Bridge over the Talfer , which was inaugurated in 1931.

In 1931 he went to Venice after winning the tender for the post of Ingegnere della Direzione Lavori e Servizi Pubblici del Comune , a director of the building inspectorate. Mizzioli held this position for 23 years until he retired in 1954.

Venice

As the top Venetian city architect, he played a key role in the urban development of Venice in the 20th century. Instead of the traditionally conservative building method, which the magistrate and part of the population wanted and in which the tried and tested building forms of the past were preferably used, Miozzi also promoted the architecture of Italian rationalism . Since under Mussolini the architecture of modernism was promoted by the state, Miozzi also grew a strong power in the implementation of building projects to the detriment of the magistrate and the monument protection authority of Venice. Urban planning interventions in the historical building fabric were now easier to carry out with the support of Rome. In many of his construction projects, Mizzi did without the usual public tenders and planned the projects himself, which significantly accelerated completion.

In Venice, too, Miozzi built bridges again. The historicist Ponte della Libertà is built from traditional building materials from Miozzi's three large bridges . The load-bearing elements are made of Istrian stone , as are the narrow horizontal strips that structure the building. The masonry consists of reddish bricks, one flat arcade arch lines up with the next, a total of 228 over a length of almost 4 kilometers.

Ponte della Libertà

The Scalzi Bridge , which was still being built by the Austrian occupiers , had to be renewed because it was dilapidated. Miozzi gave it its current shape from Istrian marble in the neo-renaissance style , but as a cladding over a solid steel structure. The third of the large bridges is the Ponte dell'Accademia , which was built in 1854 to a design by the English engineer Alfred Henry Neille and has since become dilapidated. Miozzi designed a wooden structure initially intended as a temporary measure. Since it was not possible to agree on a project for the corresponding competition, the temporary solution, reinforced in 1980 by a steel frame, is still in function today.

The Ponte del littorio , today Ponte della libertà , built between 1931 and 1933 , is the only road bridge that connects the mainland with Venice. From Mestre it runs parallel to the railway line and ends at Santa Lucia station . From 1931 to 1934, under Miozzi's direction, the area around the train station was redesigned, the Piazzale Roma was laid out and the large autorimessa comunale car park , at that time the largest in Europe, was built. The Rio Nuovo , which enables a fast connection between the train station and St. Mark's Square and relieves the Grand Canal from ferry and freight traffic, has been expanded and re-dredged in large areas . Miozzi had the five new bridges over the Rio Nuovo built from Istrian stone based on historical models. In 1937, the city of Venice acquired the Fenice with the adjacent land, which was fundamentally refurbished by Miozzi and re-integrated into the district through renovations. The fortress of Sant'Andrea near the island of Vignole was restored under the Miozzi .

The first Venice Film Biennale took place in 1932 , initially on the terrace of a hotel in the absence of a large cinema. Miozzi designed a festival area on the Lido . The film palace designed by Luigi Quagliata (1899–1991) opened in 1937. In addition to the cinema, the casino was built according to plans by Miozzi and Quagliata. His last major project was planning a new island, Isola nuova , now called Tronchetto , which was completed in the 1960s and which will make room for the flood of car tourists who flock to Venice.

In his retirement he worked as a freelance architect and was still concerned with the possibilities of improving Venice's transport conditions and its connection to the mainland and of keeping the city viable at all. He published his ideas in numerous articles.

estate

The estate of Eugenio Miozzi is in the archives of the University of Venice (Università IAAV, Venezia). The archive holdings are divided into three areas, the first for the period from 1914 to 1931, the second relates to the initial period in Venice from 1931 to 1954, the third part relates to the period up to his retirement, 1954 to 1979. The archive comprises In addition to plans, construction documents and photos, also personal documents.

Fonts (selection)

During his entire activity in Venice, Miozzi commented on problems in the city in countless magazine articles: hydraulic engineering, the problem of floods, the silting up of the lagoon, better national transport connections or possibilities to build a new port. His magnum opus is the three-volume work Venezia nei secoli (= Venice in the centuries ). that he wrote in retirement. The work, which was only published in Italian, is the result of a long and intensive examination of the problems of the lagoon city.

  • With Lucio Santarella: Ponti Italiani in Cemento Armato . 2 volumes. 1932.
  • La conservazione e la difesa dell'edilizia di Venezia. Il minacciato suo sprofondamento ed i mezzi per salvarla. Venice 1960.
  • Venezia nei Secoli. 3 volumes. Libeccio, Venice 1957–1969.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Drusus Bridge , accessed on May 13, 2015.
  2. ↑ M. Petsch: Architektur des Rationalismus ... 2004, pp. 36–38. (books.google.de)
  3. ↑ M. Petsch: Architektur des Rationalismus ... 2004, p. 28.
  4. ^ M. Petsch: Architektur des Rationalismus ... 2004, p. 56 (books.google.de)  ; Palazzo del Cinema, photo
  5. ↑ Tour virtuali dell'Università IUAV di Venezia, simulazioni ben architettate

literature

  • Valeria Farinati: Eugenio Miozzi, 1889–1979. Inventario analitico dell'archivio. Istituto universitario di architettura, Venezia 1997.
  • E. Populin: Il ponte dell'Accademia a Venezia, 1843-1986 . Venice 1998.
  • Alfred Gufler: Bozen: The city and its fascist architecture. (Includes a section on the Drusus Bridge)
  • Martin Petsch: Architecture of Rationalism and Fascism in “Greater Venice” of the 1930s. 2004, ISBN 3-638-73011-5 , Chapter 3: Buildings for fashionable tourism. (books.google.de)
  • Margaret Plant: Venice: fragile city, 1797–1997 . Yale Univ. Press, ISBN 0-300-08386-6 , pp. 301-302.
  • Simon Henley: Parking garage architectures . 2007, ISBN 978-3-7212-0622-7 . (Contains a chapter on the Autorimessa Communale car park )

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Miozzi, Eugenio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian engineer and architect
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Brescia
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1979
Place of death Venice