European Strandling
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European Strandling ( Littorella uniflora ) |
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| ( L. ) Ash. |
The European Strandling ( Littorella uniflora ) is a species of plant within the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). This plant species, which has become rare, only occurs in nutrient-poor lakes.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The European Strandling grows as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of up to 12 centimeters. It forms runners up to 15 centimeters long and therefore forms lawns on the surface.
Its leaves stand up to 30 in rosettes, they are very changeable and vary depending on the water or land shape . The leaves, however, are always bald to slightly hairy, appear round to oval in diameter and are divorced at the base.
Generative characteristics
The inconspicuous, tubular flowers are about 5 millimeters long, light brown in color and five of them stand in inflorescences with usually three male stalked flowers and a female flower at the base in the armpits. So far only the landform has been observed blooming. To avoid self-pollination, the female flowers bloom a little earlier than the male. The main flowering time is between May and June, during the low water phases of the waters. If there is a low water level, postponed or second flowering is possible from August to September if the growth habitats dry out.
The fruits form small, hard-shelled nuts that remain near the rosette base after ripening and produce conspicuous lawns when they germinate in the vicinity of the mother plant.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
The European Strandling grows in nutrient-poor, oligo- or mesotrophic lakes and heather ponds to a depth of 3 meters. However, it can also be found on the occasionally dry water edges. In the coastal area it also grows in humid dune valleys. However, it can only endure a low salinity. Its distribution area includes Europe and the Azores.
The strandling is rarely found in all of Germany, and some of its populations are severely threatened. It is currently experiencing the greatest expansion in the Upper Harz ponds . It also occurs at the Großer Wusterwitzer See . The European Strandling was classified as "critically endangered" in 1996 on the red list of Germany's vascular plant species. Causes of its increasing disappearance include: a. the eutrophication of bodies of water and entering or driving on them. Especially the boat traffic and the resulting z. Sometimes strong waves make the Strandling to create. Otherwise the European Strandling was only sighted in other parts of Europe. He is Kennart order Littorelletalia.
Systematics
The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Plantago uniflora by Carl von Linné ,
The European Strandling ( Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. ) Is also put back into the genus Plantago by some authors . As with Linnaeus in 1753, it is then called Plantago uniflora L.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch., European Strandling. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
- ↑ a b T. Franke, A. Zehm: Strandling, Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, November 2009, accessed on March 15, 2018 .
- ↑ Littorella uniflora at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Plantago in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ↑ Justus Teicke, Kathrin Baumann: Dam operation for nature conservation in: Water Management No. 4/2010 online ( Memento of the original from March 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 227 kB)
- ↑ Sebastian Kinder, Haik Thomas Porada on behalf of the Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography and Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings . A geographical inventory in the area of Brandenburg an der Havel, Pritzerbe, Reckahn and Wusterwitz (= Landscapes in Germany. Values of the German homeland . Volume 69 ). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-09103-0 , p. 267 .
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 874 .
Web links
- European Strandling . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Littorella uniflora (L.) Ash. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- Worldwide distribution of the European Strandling
- Thomas Meyer: European data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
