Eurystyles
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Eurystyles cotyledon |
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| Wawra |
Eurystyles is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of about twenty species of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical America.
description
The Eurystyles species are very small, evergreen, epiphytic plants. The slender roots are fleshy and smooth or hairy. The leaves stand tightly in a rosette. They are elliptical in shape, pointedly ending, at the base in a leaf stalk furrowed on the upper side. They are often gray-green in color, shiny, ciliate on the edge and sometimes hairy.
The terminal, grape-like , hairy inflorescence is short, erect to arching, it is with a few bracts busy, the bracts same. The flowers are close together, they are arranged in a spiral and not resupinated . The flowers are small and white, they are almost hidden between the large, ciliate bracts. The ovary is sessile, only slightly twisted, spindle-shaped, not hairy. The sepals are hairy on the outside, inclined to form a tube and fused together at their base. The dorsal sepal is partially fused with the column. The lateral sepals form a more or less two-part sack with the base of the column . The petals adhere to the dorsal sepal. The lip is abruptly narrowed (“nailed”) at the base, the relatively wide nail has grown together with the base of the lateral sepals to form a nectarium . The lip usually continues in the shape of an arrow, with nectar glands pointing backwards (this is absent in some species). The column is slender and long, it protrudes clearly beyond the point of attachment at the ovary ("column foot"). The scar consists of two surfaces that can be clearly separated or confluent. The stamen is oval and pointed. The column often forms two finger-shaped staminodes on the side of the stamen . The yellow pollinia are club-shaped with a small, rounded viscidium (adhesive disc). The separating tissue between the stamen and the stigma (rostellum) is straight, thin, it ends pointed or blunt. In some species, self-pollination is the rule: here the rostellum is completely absent, the stigma is at the end of the column in direct proximity to the stamen.
The capsule fruit is oval and hairless. The end is "beaked" by adhering remnants of the flower cover.
Occurrence
Eurystyles occurs in Central America from southern Mexico southwards over the entire northern half of South America. The Caribbean is also being settled. The species occur at altitudes up to 3000 meters. The locations are in the shade of ever-moist forests, where the plants grow epiphytically on the trunk and on the lower branches.
Systematics and botanical history
Eurystyles is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . A closely related genus is Lankesterella . Some authors split off the genera pseudoeurystyles and synanthes .
The genus Eurystyles was described by Wawra in 1863 , who classified it in the ginger-like (Zingiberales). Type species is Eurystyles cotyledon . The name Eurystyles is made up of the Greek words ἐυρύς eurys , "broad", and στῦλος stylis , "stylus". According to Garay, the material present in the wawra was deformed; Wawra could also have thought the gynostemium was an unusually broad stylus .
The following types are included in Eurystyles :
- Eurystyles actinosophila ( Barb. Rodr. ) Schltr. (Syn .: Eurystyles bertonii ( Burns-Bal. , H.Rob. & Merc.S.Foster ) Szlach. ): Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay.
- Eurystyles alticola Dod : Dominican Republic.
- Eurystyles auriculata Schltr. : El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia.
- Eurystyles ananassocomos ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr. (Syn .: Eurystyles borealis A.H. Heller ), Eurystyles cristata ( Schltr. ): Islands of the Caribbean and Mexico to Peru.
- Eurystyles barrerorum ( Szlach. & Kolan. ): The species first described in 2019 occurs in Colombia and Venezuela.
- Eurystyles christensonii D.E.Benn. : Peru.
- Eurystyles cogniauxii ( Kraenzl. ) Schltr. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles colombiana ( Schltr. ) Schltr. : Colombia and Ecuador.
- Eurystyles cornu-bovis Szlach. : Costa Rica and Panama.
- Eurystyles cotyledon Wawra : Costa Rica to Brazil.
- Eurystyles crocodilus Szlach. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles domingensis Dod : Cuba to Hispaniola.
- Eurystyles gardneri ( Lindl. ) Garay : Ecuador and Brazil.
- Eurystyles guentheriana ( Kraenzl. ) Garay : Bolivia.
- Eurystyles hoehnei Szlach. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles lobata Chiron & VPCastro : Brazil.
- Eurystyles lorenzii ( Cogn. ) Schltr. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles ochyrana ( Szlach. , Mytnik & Rutk. ) F.Barros & LRSGuim. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles rutkowskiana Szlach. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles splendissima Szlach. : Brazil.
- Eurystyles standleyi Ames : Southern Mexico, Costa Rica and Panama.
literature
Most of the information in this article comes from:
- Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 253-255 .
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, pp. 318-319 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 204-207 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerardo A. Salazar, Mark W. Chase, Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Martin Ingrouille: Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 90 , no. 5 , 2003, p. 777-795 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Eurystyles. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 30, 2020.
