Eva Fritzsche

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Eva Fritzsche (born November 4, 1908 in Berlin ; † May 4, 1986 there ) was a German documentary film director, head of the dubbing film division at Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA) and theater director in Stralsund , Güstrow and Schwerin .

life and work

Fritzsche, the daughter of a grammar school teacher and a sports teacher, completed a traineeship at the Berlin theater and arts and crafts companies, which produced numerous cinema films, after graduating from high school. Her first contact with film came about in 1927 through Erwin Piscator , whom she assisted. In 1930 she became a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). After the National Socialists came to power , she supported the “ Rote Kapelle ” resistance group around Harro Schulze-Boysen . While Fritzsche was on a study trip to Italy in 1944 , the resistance group was discovered, some members arrested and sentenced to death. Fritzsche was not exposed until the end of the Second World War . In 1944 she graduated from the Berlin University of the Arts (HdK) with a degree in painting.

In 1945/46 Fritsche worked as a cabaret artist in the theater "Der Besen" in Berlin-Pankow and was at times a new teacher in the arts. In 1946 she attended an Antifa school in Königs Wusterhausen , where she came into contact with the then director of DEFA, Alfred Lindemann. In 1946, after the forced unification of the KPD and SPD, she became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).

In 1947 Fritzsche went to the DEFA's short film department as a dramaturgy assistant. A year later she was the first and only female director of the early DEFA to be responsible for the “ Wochenschau ” and documentary film in Potsdam-Babelsberg . In the fall of 1948, as part of an initiative for several educational and information films that were supposed to accompany the two-year plan of the national economy propagandistically, she received the order for her first film: "The Bridge of Caputh". The film from 1949 reconstructs the rebuilding of the Caputh railway bridge , which had been blown up in the last days of the war, in re-enactment scenes , and celebrates the rebuilding. Formally, it is based on the experimental films of the 1920s and 30s by Walter Ruttmann and Willy Zielke .

Fritzsche's second film "MAS Fritz Reuter" described in 1950 how new farmers in Ivenack in Mecklenburg could use agricultural equipment effectively. Fritzsche's original plans were criticized by Soviet filmmakers and largely not implemented. Only after several changes and the deletion of numerous scenes did she get permission to shoot. Fritzsche's third film "House of Children" from the same year is a pure documentary about children in Berlin-Lichtenberg and hardly receives any staged shots. An offer to make a film about the GDR trade organization (HO) was turned down by Fritzsche because she was not able to work freely artistically. After that, she received no more film offers. A planned feature film was not realized.

From 1951 to 1956 Fritzsche was the director of the DEFA dubbing studio and brought many Soviet films to GDR cinemas. In the early 1950s she was a member of the first large DEFA delegations to visit the film studios in Moscow and Leningrad . From 1956 to 1958 she worked as a freelancer and then became director of the Stralsund Theater . In 1963 she moved to the theaters in Güstrow and later Schwerin in the same position .

In 1939 Fritzsche married the painter Rudolf Richter, who died in Russia in 1941 . She was later married to the composer Eberhard Schmidt .

Filmography

  • 1949: The Caputh Bridge
  • 1950: MAS "Fritz Reuter"
  • 1950: Children's house

Fonts (selection)

  • Documentary - Economical? In: DEFA-Blende 04/1950 , Berlin 1950.
  • The art of synchronization In: Neue Filmwelt 04/1952 , Berlin 1952.

literature

  • Günther Agde: Eva Fritzsche In: cinegraph, loose-leaf collection.
  • Günther Agde: Between all stools. The short DEFA film time of Eva Fritzsche In: Ralf Schenk, Erika Richter, Claus Löser: apropos Film 2005, The 6th year book of the DEFA Foundation , Bertz + Fischer Verlag , Berlin 2006.
  • Günter Agde:  Eva Fritzsche . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ralf Schenk: Sources of Hope In: Neues Deutschland , Berlin January 16, 2004.
personal data
SURNAME Fritzsche, Eva
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German film director and theater director
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH May 4th 1986
Place of death Berlin