Evangelical Church (Queckborn)

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Church from the southwest

The Evangelical Church in Queckborn , a district of Grünberg in the district of Gießen ( Central Hesse ), is a Romanesque hall church with a recessed rectangular choir . Its oldest parts go back to the end of the 11th century and received its present form in the 15th century. With its two-storey baroque roof turret, the church shapes the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

Relief stone on the choir pillar
Parapet paintings between 1950 and 1968

The church, built in the 11th or 13th century at the latest, was a stone house built by the lower nobility, which probably served as an independent church . The "von Queckborn" family was first recorded in 1108. From 1186 the place has a close relationship with Grünberg, who is younger than Queckborn. The fact that the von Strebekotz, a Burgmannen family from Grünberg who served the Mainz bishops, built the church and that it was the knight's hall of their castle is now considered unlikely, as the church was built before the von Strebekotz owned the Queckbörner fiefs . In addition, the bracing foundations under the choir arch, the east facing of the building and the ratio of length and width of two thirds to one third speak in favor of a sacred use of the building from the start. However, the use of the church as a castle chapel cannot be ruled out. Charred wood residues suggest that the church roof was burned (possibly in the course of the disputes between Mainz and Thuringia) and was renewed in 1222. According to another opinion, the building was only built around 1222 by the von Queckborn family, former castle owners of the lower nobility, who maintained utility rooms below and living rooms above and used the choir as a chapel in the two-story house.

A document from 1193 mentions a "capellan of Quecborn", another document mentions a Wibboto as a priest of Queckborn. Another priest is mentioned in 1224 and a pleban in 1374. The wooden flat ceiling was built around 1400 and the nave and choir were combined under one roof. In the 15th century Queckborn belonged ecclesiastically to Archidiakonat St. Johann in the Archdiocese of Mainz . With the introduction of the Reformation, the parish switched to the evangelical creed; Vulpertus was the first Lutheran pastor to work here from 1536. In 1550, Lauter became a branch of the Queckborn parish church.

During the Thirty Years War , galleries and stalls were burned by Swedish soldiers, furnishings were stolen or ruined and the church was damaged. In 1728, the church had become dilapidated due to damage, especially on the roof turret, so that it "became so dilapidated and ruined that one could no longer be comfortable in the church without endangering life and limb, and that such a thing could finally invade and throw the church in". In 1730 the roof turret was completely renewed and galleries were installed, the balustrades of which were painted by Johannes Krug from Grünberg with the twelve apostles. In the years 1837 to 1839, the exterior and interior were renovated, in which the west and north walls were at least partially redesigned and a new west portal and the two classicist north windows were created. A vestry from the Gothic period was demolished and the passage door walled up. The Gothic windows lost their tracery . In addition, the interior was redesigned in the style of late classicism, the choir arch removed and the organ moved from the west gallery to the choir gallery. For this purpose, the choir ceiling had to be raised. A relief stone was set into the chancel pillar as a spoiler , the floor was covered with new sandstone slabs and the stalls, galleries, stairs and pulpit and parsonage were renewed. In the years 1951/52 an exterior and interior renovation took place. Between 1968 and 1972 the ship was extended to the north and the galleries and stalls were renewed. The nave received a new ceiling. A parish hall was inaugurated in 1972 and the church was rededicated on October 28, 1973. In 2001, the exterior was painted light yellow.

architecture

Opus spicatum in the choir wall
View from the northeast
South side

The east-facing hall church is raised in the center of plastered basalt quarry stone masonry with corner blocks made of sandstone. A saddle roof with a continuous ridge connects the nave with the narrower choir. The herringbone bond in the northern choir wall and the two high-seated small Romanesque arched windows (0.26 meters × 0.85 meters) in the south wall of the nave point to an emergence in the 11th century.

The nave of the church has two secondary walled, round arched portals of different sizes from two different conversions in the 13th century. The right south door has grooves on the left on the sandstone arch . According to tradition, the castle men are said to have sharpened their weapons here or to have produced stone dust that was said to have healing properties. The two ogival windows in the south wall of the nave (0.80 x 2.05 meters) and the ogival window in the south wall of the choir (0.73 x 2.00 meters) date from the 15th century. The eastern choir window (0.45 meters × 1.20 meters) has a straight lintel today. The ship is accessed through two rectangular doors. The south door was created in 1730, the two large round-arched north windows (1.05 meters × 3.30 meters) in the style of classicism and the west portal in 1837. A slit window in the west gable, which was thought to be old and as a reference to a complete renovation of The north and west walls mentioned in the 19th century come from the 19th century, according to new investigations of the girder. Accordingly, both walls were rebuilt. The ogival door to the former sacristy on the north choir wall is bricked up. The modern extension on the north side on a rectangular floor plan in the manner of a side arm has a pent roof that attaches below the eaves of the ship.

The two-storey, baroque roof turret from 1730 is placed in the middle. Curved monopitch roofs lead over the eight-sided shaft to the smaller bell room. The Welsh hood is crowned by a tower knob, cross and weathercock. The collar beam roof is medieval, as a dendrochronological investigation on September 17, 2001 showed: The wood was felled in the winter of 1221/1222 and, as was customary at the time, not stored for years, but processed promptly. As a result, the timbering of the church roof can be set in 1222 and the construction of the choir roof in 1439. Possibly it is the second roof structure after the first one burned down.

Furnishing

Gothic pillars and stalls from the 1970s

The interior is closed off by a flat ceiling with a joist . The three eight-sided Gothic wooden supports with arches date from the 15th century. They also support the leafy collar beam roof . At the top of the southern choir pillar, two horses facing each other are mounted on a relief stone. The relief stone was interpreted as a tombstone, which is said to have carried the painting "von Strebekurtz". Nothing can be seen of the painting today.

The medieval altar is covered by a slab with consecration crosses over a slope. In 1951, carpenter Fritz Hornig from Queckborn created the polygonal pulpit, which is placed on the southern choir pillar, based on a design by the Schweinsberg architect Hancke. It has coffered panels in the pulpit and bears the Christ monogram ☧. A crucifix donated by Pastor Venator (Jäger) in 1839/40 stood on the altar until 1973 and has been in the parish hall since then. A new crucifix has stood on the altar since 1973 and a modern baptismal font in front of the walled-up sacristy door. The entire stalls and galleries were renewed that year and the main entrance was moved to the northern extension.

organ

Forester organ loft from 1873

An organ from 1742 was repaired in 1773. In the course of the implementation in 1838, a new flute register was acquired. In 1873, Johann Georg Förster created a new, single-manual instrument behind the baroque prospectus . The elevated round central tower is flanked by two flat pipe fields and two pointed towers on the outside. The lateral balustrade organ has eight registers on mechanical sliding drawers . A second planned pedal register (violon bass 8 ′) was not implemented. In 2017 the Lich company Förster & Nicolaus completely renovated the instrument. The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
Violin principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Fifth 3 ′
Octave 2 ′
Pedal C – d 1
Sub bass 16 ′

Peal

Peal of mercury

The roof turret houses a double bell. In 1605 the community had a bell poured, which broke in 1888 and was poured over by Georg Otto in Gießen. It bore the inscription "HS IK HM MLRS 1605 MTP LP2" at the top and "GH IM HB IH HF" at the bottom. The whereabouts of a younger bell from the first third of the 17th century is uncertain.

Today's older bell on des 2 (0.70 meters in diameter, 175 kg in weight) was cast in 1763 by Henschel from Gießen. Their inscription reads “IG BUFF PASTOR 1763 GOS IP HENSCHEL IN GISEN” and “I GEERNERT GRSH HIRTZ B SCHELD NICOLAUS SCHMITT” below.

The big bell from 1888 was melted down in 1917 for armament purposes. It read: “GOSS ME GEORG OTTO IN GIESSEN FOR QUECKBORN 1888. H. SCHILLINGE CURRENT MAYOR; L. FRANZ, PRESIDENT - PRAISE GOD, SALVATION TO THE CHURCH, PIME PEACE FIRST, YOUR NAME SHALL BE CONCORDIA - “.

In 1921 the community bought a new bell from the Rincker company (0.88 meters in diameter) as a replacement , which suffered the same fate in 1941. It had the inscription "THE WAR EMERGENCY TAKEN US THE OLD - IN PEACE THE NEW CAME - LORD MAKE US ONE".

In 1949 the Bachert company from Heilbronn cast a new bell on b 1 (0.885 meters in diameter, 369 kg in weight), which bears the inscription: “1605 - 1888 - 1921 - 1949. Ev. Queckborn community. A Mighty Fortress Is Our God."

literature

  • Chronicle Committee 900 years Queckborn (Ed.): 900 years Queckborn. History and stories. Druckhaus Bechstein, Wetzlar 2008, pp. 54–57, 310–312, 345–358.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 750.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (Hassia sacra; 8). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, p. 487.
  • Marie Herber: The church in Queckborn. "Lies in the Church" history. Grünberg-Queckborn 2002.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , p. 231 f.
  • Heinz P. Probst: The architectural and art monuments in the greater community of Grünberg. Issue 1. Churches. (= Series of publications of the Verkehrsverein 1896 Grünberg eV Local History Series , Vol. 2). Grünberg-Queckborn: Heinz Probst, 2001, pp. 50-53.
  • Heinz P. Probst: Early village churches in Hessen. A contribution to the formation and archeology of medieval small churches. In: Communications of the Upper Hessian History Association. NF Volume 89, 2004, pp. 213-260.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 1. Northern part. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1938, pp. 302–304.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 150 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Kirche Queckborn  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 232.
  2. ↑ Probst: The architectural and art monuments. 2001, p. 51.
  3. ↑ Probst: The architectural and art monuments. 2001, p. 52.
  4. ^ Chronicle Committee 900 Years Queckborn (Ed.): 900 Years Queckborn. 2008, pp. 54-56, 310 f.
  5. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, p. 10.
  6. ↑ Queckborn. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 8, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, pp. 16, 19.
  8. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 487.
  9. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 302.
  10. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 150.
  11. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, p. 94.
  12. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 231.
  13. ↑ Probst: The architectural and art monuments. 2001, p. 53.
  14. ^ Probst: Early village churches in Hesse. 2004, p. 216.
  15. ^ So Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 151.
  16. ↑ a b Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, p. 50.
  17. ^ Chronicle Committee 900 Years Queckborn (Ed.): 900 Years Queckborn. 2008, p. 56 f, 310 f.
  18. ^ Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. 2008, p. 750.
  19. ↑ a b Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 304.
  20. ^ Chronicle Committee 900 Years Queckborn (Ed.): 900 Years Queckborn. 2008, p. 55.
  21. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, p. 53.
  22. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, p. 92 f.
  23. ^ Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.2 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 2: M-Z . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 778 .
  24. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, p. 19.
  25. ↑ Herber: The Church in Queckborn. 2002, pp. 72, 82.
  26. ^ Chronicle Committee 900 Years Queckborn (Ed.): 900 Years Queckborn. 2008, p. 346 f.

Coordinates: 50 ° 34 ′ 33.5 "  N , 8 ° 55 ′ 45.6"  E