Hospital Church (Grünberg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
North side of the Hospital Church
West side

The Hospital Church in Grünberg , a town in the district of Gießen in Central Hesse , is a baroque hall church without a tower, built between 1723 and 1740 , which has individual elements of classicism . The rectangular choir was originally intended as a tower. The church is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

left the old church of St. Paul with tower ( Wilhelm Dilich , 1591)

After the walled city area was completely built up around 1270, the city developed a new building area south of the old town between 1261 and 1290, which received a protective wall in the first quarter of the 14th century. A separate church with its own parish and a cemetery was built for the medieval Neustadt, which is first attested to in 1304 and presupposes the existence of the church. It was consecrated to St. Paul , as is handed down in 1490, and was accordingly called St. Paulus or Neustädter Church . In 1357 another altar was donated to St. Catherine . The church was smaller than the Baroque successor building, but had a tower. At the instruction of the Landgrave, both Grünberg districts and both parishes were united in 1324.

At an unknown point in time, a sisterhood of female hermits settled in Neustadt , which was first mentioned in 1377. This movement resulted in the Augustinian convent in the immediate vicinity of St. Paul , which was connected to the church by a covered corridor that led from the upper floor of the convent building to the gallery entrance of the church. The nuns had their own gallery here. After the monastery was closed in 1537, the city used the building as a hospital from 1541. "Poor, frail, old, lame, desolate people should find a place in it." The parish church became the "hospital church", in which services for the people from the hospital and funeral sermons were held. Most of the Armenfonts, but also the upkeep of the hospital and the church, were covered by the hospital assets. The assets consisted of the monastery goods of the former sisterhood, foundations and entrance fees. After the hospital was overcrowded with 40 people in 1579, the number was limited to 35 Grünbergers in 1601. From its beginnings until 1816, the hospital was administered by the Grünberg priest and the city council, from 1816 to 1952 by a poor commission and then by the city.

In the 15th century, Grünberg belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Johann in the Archdiocese of Mainz . With the introduction of the Reformation in 1526, the parish changed to the evangelical confession. Johannes Mengel (1527–1531, 1535–1565) was the first Protestant pastor to work here. In contrast to the barefooters , who left Grünberg after the Reformation, and the Antonite monastery , which was closed, the Augustinian nuns stayed in the city.

Gothic baptismal font with the two baptismal angels

After 1711 an ossuary was added. When Pastor Heinrich Christoph Leusler had the baptismal font and the two unclothed baptismal angels set up in the town church in 1717 , the “Papist pieces” caused a dispute that the Landgrave had to settle. Baptism and angels came back to the hospital church. In 1719 a plan for extensive repairs was not carried out because the building was too dilapidated. After the old church was demolished in 1723, the foundation stone for the new building was laid on July 19, 1723 . Due to the financial situation and the poor work of the bricklayer Linkmann, the construction was delayed until 1733 and the completion of the tower was abandoned. A collection in the entire principality yielded only 250 guilders and the city did not see itself in the obligation to contribute. The building was not completed until 1740. Only the substructure of the tower was provided, which was provided with a roof for the bell chamber.

The hospital existed until the 19th century and was ultimately used as a retirement home. During the new construction of the city church, services were held in the hospital church from 1812 to 1853. In 1903 the hospital church was renovated. After the Second World War, the roof and ceiling were renewed.

In 1990 the city of Grünberg took over the construction work for the listed hospital church. The museum in the hospital opened in 2007 in the “New Hospital”, an adjacent, preserved half-timbered building of the monastery complex . Renovation work on the Hospital Church cost the city € 30,000 in the same year. In 2013 woodworms were found on the church stalls and means were provided to combat them.

architecture

Retracted east choir
South side with walled up portal

The hospital church is made of unplastered quarry stone masonry with corner blocks made of ashlar on a rectangular floor plan over a base with a slope on the southeast edge of the new town. A hipped roof without a ridge forms the conclusion. The hall church is illuminated through tall, narrow windows that anticipate the emerging classicism. There are four windows on the long sides, two on the west side and in the choir one window on the south and one on the north side. They all have segment arches and a cast iron rung structure from the second half of the 19th century. A pane in a south-facing window bears the following inscription: "1747 Let us buy the Gieldene hours / because life's clockworks / before the guns run out quickly / then the ticked pointer is." A second pane shows Peter with a key on the rock. Portals with segment arches on all four sides open up the building. Only the west entrance, which has a straight lintel , is used. The south portal is walled up. An oval window in the Baroque style is let into each of the portals.

In the east, the retracted rectangular choir joins, which was originally intended as the east tower and reaches the same height as the nave. Its roof truss serves as a belfry with three sound holes . Of the two bells, the older one dates from the 14th century and was taken over from the previous building. It measures 0.845 meters in diameter and bears the inscription in mirror writing : "O REX GLORIE VE [N] I CV [M] PACE".

Furnishing

Interior facing west
17th century pulpit

The simply furnished interior is closed off by a flat ceiling over valleys with thin stucco profiles. A large round arch opens the choir to the nave, in which galleries from the construction period are built on three sides, which rest on narrow, square wooden posts. The east gallery protrudes trapezoidally. The west gallery was expanded in the 19th century. The gallery parapets have simple rectangular panels. The pillars of the north gallery were renewed in a modified form.

The polygonal wooden pulpit with a sound cover in the southeast corner dates from the end of the 17th century. It is accessible via a parish chair with openwork latticework. The block altar in front of the round arch is covered by a plate. Two wooden baptismal angels are placed above the twelve-sided Gothic baptismal font. The baptism comes from the old town church, is made of lung stone and rests on a baluster-shaped foot. The most valuable inventory item, a life-size crucifix of the three-nail type from around 1500, hangs in the town church today.

In the church there are grave monuments from the 16th to 18th centuries.

organ

Organ on the west gallery

During the construction work on the city church, the organ was installed in 1812, as all services were held in the hospital church. This organ by Florentinus Wang from 1703 was probably replaced by a new organ in the 19th century. The unknown builder created a small work with six registers and the following disposition :

Manual C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Salicional 8th'
octave 4 ′
octave 2 ′
mixture
Pedal C – f 1
Sub-bass 16 ′

literature

  • Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann (Ed.), Andrea Pühringer (Ed.): Hessischer Städteatlas / Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde. Delivery II / 1. Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 2005, ISBN 3-87707-647-5 ( online . , PDF file; 656 kB).
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 350.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt (= Hassia sacra; 5 ). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, p. 466 f.
  • Carl Glaser (edit.): Contributions to the history of the city of Grünberg in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. According to the city documents and other sources. Leske, Darmstadt 1846.
  • Holger Th. Gräf, Ekart Rittmannsperger (ed., Arr.): The chronicle of the city of Grünberg by Victor Habicht (1822–1902). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 2008, ISBN 978-3-87707-723-8 .
  • Waldemar Küther (arr.), Magistrate of the City of Grünberg (Ed.): Grünberg. History and face of a city in 8 centuries. Herr, Grünberg 1972.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , p. 148 f.
  • Heinz P. Probst: The architectural and art monuments in the greater community of Grünberg. Booklet 1. Churches (= series of publications by the Verkehrsverein 1896 Grünberg eV Local History Series , Vol. 2). Heinz Probst, Grünberg-Queckborn 2001, pp. 29–31.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 1. Northern part. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1938, pp. 206–209.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 76 f.

Web links

Commons : Hospitalkirche Grünberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 149.
  2. ↑ Braasch-Schwersmann (ed.): Hessian city atlas. 2005, p. 35 ( online . , PDF file; 656 kB).
  3. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area (= writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 56.
  4. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 206.
  5. ^ Glaser (edit.): Contributions to the history of the city of Grünberg. 1846, p. 70.
  6. ^ Küther: Grünberg. History and face of a city. 1972, p. 162.
  7. ↑ Heinz P. Probst: The architectural and art monuments in the large community Grünberg. Booklet 1. Churches (= series of publications by the Verkehrsverein 1896 Grünberg eV Local History Series , Vol. 2). Heinz Probst, Grünberg-Queckborn 2001, p. 29 ff.
  8. ↑ Probst: The architectural and art monuments. 2001, p. 30.
  9. ^ A b c State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 148.
  10. ↑ a b Küther: Grünberg. History and face of a city. 1972, p. 277.
  11. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. 1931, p. 466.
  12. ^ Küther: Grünberg. History and face of a city. 1972, p. 279 f.
  13. ^ Küther: Grünberg. History and face of a city. 1972, p. 282.
  14. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area (= writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 55.
  15. ↑ Mengel, Johannes. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 17, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 207.
  17. ↑ Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung of September 12, 2012: From scandalous baptismal angels in the Hospital Church Grünberg , accessed on April 17, 2020.
  18. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 76.
  19. ↑ Gräf, Rittmannsperger: The chronicle of the city of Grünberg by Victor Habicht. 2008, p. 136 f.
  20. ↑ a b Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 77.
  21. ^ Freundeskreis Museum Grünberg eV , accessed on April 17, 2020.
  22. ↑ Gießener Allgemeine from February 1, 2013: The worm is in the Grünberger Hospitalkirche , accessed on April 17, 2020.
  23. ↑ a b Probst: The architectural and art monuments. 2001, p. 31.
  24. ↑ Historical tour through Grünberg , p. 15.
  25. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 208.
  26. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 350.
  27. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.1 . Part 1 (A – L)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 427 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 35 ′ 19.6 ″  N , 8 ° 57 ′ 43.5 ″  E