FETÖ
As FETÖ ( Turkish Fethullahçı Terör Örgütü to German "Fethullahistische terrorist organization") is in Turkey a hypothetical terrorist organization persecuted by the Turkish government for the coup in Turkey in 2016 is blamed. This organization is attributed to the Gülen movement . The prosecutors assume that a hierarchically organized network has formed as a secret society in this movement , headed by the preacher Fethullah Gülen . This network, which started the coup, is qualified by them as a terrorist organization and called FETÖ . However, the assessments are contradictory. According to a report by Focus , the government should be informed that Fethullah Gülen was not involved in the coup attempt. According to a paper from INTCEN , on which he cites, as according to an assessment by the Federal Intelligence Service (BND), there are no indications that Gülen is the mastermind behind the coup. The BND does not see the Gülen movement as terrorist. Even if, according to the BND, the coup was not initiated by the state, it still served as a pretext for the “waves of cleansing” by the Turkish government. According to the Spiegel, there are signs that the Gülen movement is behind the coup. To do this, he relies on James Franklin Jeffrey , the former US ambassador to Ankara. The existence of an organization called FETÖ is not claimed.
The government, its supporters and parts of the (right-wing) opposition say that FETÖ led von Gülen and that his organization infiltrated large parts of the state apparatus. Therefore, another name is Paralel Devlet Yapılanması ( Eng . "Parallel state structure", abbreviation PDY). Often the "organization" is also called "FETÖ / PDY".
history
The Gülen movement and its presumed influence in the state and society came into the focus of government agencies by 2013 at the latest. The occasion was the corruption scandal in Turkey in 2013 . Since then there have been numerous government measures against supporters of Gülens and, since mid-2015, against FETÖ.
After the attempted coup, the Turkish state launched waves of purges in the areas of higher education, the education system, the military, administration and the police. All measures had the aim of reducing the postulated influence of the FETÖ. Thousands of employees, judges, prosecutors, the military, police officers and university professors were decommissioned or arrested. There were also numerous search measures. Companies, educational institutions or the media that were suspected of being close to Gülen received a state administrator. The German political scientist Armin Pfahl-Traughber cites the assumption that the Gülen movement was behind the attempted coup as an example of conspiracy ideologies in the present.
There is no solid evidence of the existence of an organization called FETÖ or terrorist attacks carried out on their behalf. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus added the FETÖ to its list of terrorist organizations. Turkey is demanding the extradition of Gulen, who lives in the United States . The Organization for Islamic Cooperation added the FETÖ to its list of terrorist organizations at the end of July 2016.
The indictment in the trial of FETÖ before the 4th Major Criminal Chamber in Ankara states that the United States and the CIA were behind the FETÖ. The organization is said to have emerged between 2003 and 2007 and expanded within the state by 2010. The organization has funds of $ 150 billion and is primarily organized within the army. The FETÖ deliberately did not prevent the murder of Hrant Dink . The attacker Alparslan Arslan was also in contact with the FETÖ. The indictment also alleges that the organization has “imams” in charge of the judiciary , police , armed forces , intelligence, education and finance in Turkey.
The Turkish Justice Minister considers the United States to be the mastermind behind the coup and thus the FETÖ. Turkish law enforcement authorities use the messenger ByLock as proof of membership of the FETÖ . People who use this service are arrested and placed in custody.
The term FETÖ
The name Fethullahçı Terör Örgütü / Paralel Devlet Yapılanması was officially used for the first time in mid-2015 in an indictment of the 2nd Large Criminal Court in Konya . The trial was conducted against 74 people accused of membership in a terrorist organization and of forging documents. Among them were 31 police officers and several entrepreneurs. The term was already used in the Turkish press at the beginning of 2015.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Six months after the attempted coup: Secret paper exposes Erdogan's big lie Focus of January 22, 2017.
- ↑ tagesschau.de: Attempted coup in Turkey: BND does not consider Gülen to be responsible. Retrieved April 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Maximilian Popp: Gülen's role in the Turkey putsch Imam of the army: Imam of the army . spiegel.de , July 15, 2017, accessed July 15, 2017.
- ↑ FETÖ'nün finansörü tutuklandı! Report of the daily newspaper Sabah from February 19, 2016 on the imposition of pre-trial detention against the alleged financier of the FETÖ, Turkish
- ↑ Kars'ta FETÖ / PDY bağlantılı şirkete kayyum atandı report of June 24, 2016 by the state broadcasting corporation TRT about a company in Kars that was placed under forced administration due to its proximity to FETÖ.
- ↑ Bursa'da 4 FETÖ şirketine kayyum Report of the daily newspaper Sabah from June 27, 2016 on forced administration for four companies in Bursa with alleged FETÖ proximity
- ↑ FETÖ'ye yakınlığı ile bilinen kurumlara kayyum atandı report of the Milliyet of July 21, 2016 on forced administration against numerous allegedly FETÖ- related institutions, Turkish
- ↑ Armin Pfahl-Traughber: Conspiracy ideologies today . In: Helmut Reinalter : (Ed.): Handbook of conspiracy theories. Salier Verlag, Leipzig 2018, ISBN 978-3-96285-004-3 , p. 311 f.
- ↑ KKTC'de FETÖ, terör örgütü listesine alındı CNN Türk of July 21, 2016, Turkish
- ↑ FETÖ ana dosyasında gündemi sarsacak suçlamalar Habertürk from July 15, 2016
- ↑ Bakan Soylu: Darbe girişiminin arkasında ABD var ( Memento from July 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Report by the Cihan agency on a live broadcast with statements from Soylu
- ↑ 'Paralel' iddianamesinden yeni bir örgüt çıktı: FETÖ / PYD report by Cumhuriyet of July 22, 2015 on the use of the name FETÖ / PDY, Turkish