Measures after the coup attempt in Turkey in 2016

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The Turkish government under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım initiated far-reaching measures in all sectors of the country after the coup attempt on July 16, 2016 , including massive layoffs and arrests as well as interference in the press and media landscape .

The government accuses the " FETÖ " of being the mastermind behind the attempted coup . Around 44,500 state employees were suspended within a few days. More than 13,000 people - mostly soldiers , police officers , judges and prosecutors who are said to have had something to do with the coup plotters - were arrested. On July 21, 2016 the government declared a three-month state of emergency (olağanüstü hal) for the whole of Turkey due to a political crisis according to Art. 120 of the Constitution and Art. 3 Para. 1 lit. b of the Emergency Act. In cases of emergency, Article 15 of the Constitution allows the use of fundamental rights and freedoms to be partially or completely suspended, taking into account the principle of proportionality. The state of emergency is one level below the state of emergency administration (sıkıyönetim) briefly proclaimed by the putschists . One week after the failed coup attempt, 2,341 institutions such as private schools, non-profit institutions, trade unions, universities and medical institutions were dissolved by ordinance with the force of law. As of the beginning of November 2016, a total of 110,000 officials, soldiers, police officers and judges were suspended or imprisoned after the coup attempt. According to the Turkish government in March 2019, around 500,000 people have been detained since the attempted coup, of which around 30,000 were in custody at the time the information was reported. Erdogan reported in April 2019 on 31,000 police employees and 15,000 members of the military who had been dismissed since the coup. In the first week of July 2019, according to Anadolu , 282 people were arrested across Turkey who are allegedly connected to the Gülen movement , which the Turkish government regards as part of the FETÖ and propagated as an enemy . The previous week, at the end of June, there were 200 arrests for the same reasons.

In 2020

chronology

On the night of the coup, President Erdoğan blamed the " PDY " for the coup, described the coup attempt as a betrayal for which the perpetrators would atone, and as a "blessing from God" because it would lead to a purification of the army. President Erdoğan also spoke several times that the reintroduction of the death penalty must be examined.

Arrests and suspensions

According to state media, 6,000 people were arrested in Turkey within 24 hours of the crackdown on the coup attempt. 7,543 people were arrested within two days of the coup attempt; including 6,038 soldiers.

According to Yıldırım, as soon as the coup failed, officials with ties to the coup plotters began to be “removed”. According to the Ministry of the Interior, 7,899 state employees in the administration were affected. These included 30 governors .

By July 24, 2016, the number of those arrested rose to over 13,000, including 8,838 soldiers, 2,101 judges and prosecutors, 1,485 police officers, 52 senior officials and 689 other civilians. 1,559 judges and prosecutors and 123 generals.

The Tagesschau reported on August 3, citing official Turkish sources, that almost 19,000 people had been arrested. Arrest warrants have been issued against more than 10,100 of them. More than 58,600 civil servants were suspended and nearly 3,500 permanently dismissed.

According to Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ , around 32,000 suspects were in custody in connection with the attempted coup at the end of September 2016. Against approx. 70,000 had been determined. "This process continues," added Bozdag. There could be further arrests, but also releases. According to Turkish media, the government plans to build 174 new prisons over the next five years, thereby increasing its capacity from currently approx. 190,000 prisoners (see above) increase by 100,000 prison places. The Turkish opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu said the state of emergency had caused a million "victims". Kılıçdaroğlu gave examples: teachers lost their jobs because they were members of a trade union; a police officer was arrested for transferring money through a bank with Gülen connections.

military

On July 16, during the attempted coup, police arrested a rear admiral in Mersin province . The army chief for the Aegean was arrested in Izmir . The commander of the 2nd Army , General Adem Huduti , and the 2nd Chief of Staff and Garrison Commander of Malatya , Major General Avni Angun were also arrested. The commander of the Turkish Air Force Academy , Major General Fethi Alpay , was also taken into custody.

On July 16, 2016, the Turkish daily Evrensel published a list of members of the armed forces and the gendarmerie, including 34 brigadier generals, who were arrested during the attempted coup.

On the same day, Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım announced that the Presidential Guard ( Cumhurbaşkanlığı Muhafız Alayı ) would be disbanded. 83 members of the 300-strong guard were arrested. They are said to be responsible for the kidnapping of the General Secretary of the Presidential Office, Fahri Kasırga, and for the storming of the national broadcaster TRT .

On July 18, 2016, Prime Minister Yıldırım announced that around 3,000 suspected soldiers had been arrested. According to government circles, five generals and 29 colonels have been dismissed from their posts, including former air force chief Akın Öztürk , who was previously a member of the Supreme Military Council. From government circles Öztürk was called one of the alleged masterminds. An adviser to President Erdoğan, Colonel Ali Yazici , and the commander of the Turkish Incirlik Air Base of NATO , which is also used by the German armed forces , General Bekir Ercan Van , were arrested.

In an extensive trial from January 30, 2017, 270 people, 152 of them already in custody, will be charged. In absentia, the Islamic preacher Fethullah Gülen, who lives in the United States, will also be charged directly, as will high-ranking military officials, including General Memduh Hakbilen, formerly Chief of Staff of the Aegean Command, and Major General Salih Sevil, formerly Chief of Staff at the NATO headquarters of the Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) in Izmir.

In July 2019, the Istanbul Public Prosecutor's Office issued arrest warrants against 176 active members of the military on suspicion of links to the banned movement of the Islamic preacher Fethullah Gülen. For the same reason, the public prosecutor in Izmir wrote out 20 soldiers to be wanted, and the Ankara judiciary requested the arrest of 32 soldiers.

Restructuring of the armed forces

While - as the General Staff of the Turkish Army announced - no more than 8,651 (ordinary) Turkish soldiers took part in the coup, around 1.5 percent of the total staff, the participation rate in high and top ranks was significantly higher. 163 generals and admirals were arrested after the failed coup attempt - around 40 percent of the management staff in these ranks - as well as 3,168 officers in the lower ranks. On July 22, 2016, Erdoğan announced that he would be restructuring the Turkish army within a short period of time and adding “fresh blood” to the military . The army reform is in the hands of the Supreme Military Council (YAŞ), chaired by the Prime Minister.

The council met on July 28, 2016, under the chairmanship of Binali Yıldırım . The day before (Wednesday, July 27, 2016) Erdogan had dishonorably dismissed more than 1,684 officers from the armed forces, among them General Akın Öztürk and General Adem Huduti, 149 of them in the rank of general (of the total of 358 generals). They were accused of being involved in the coup attempt and alleged links to the Gülen movement. And just hours before the council meeting opened, two of Turkey's four-star generals, members of the Supreme Military Council (YAS), resigned from their posts. The head of the Army Command for Education and Training, General Kamil Başoğlu, and the Chief of Staff of the Turkish Land Forces İhsan Uyar announced their resignation.

The spokesman for the Turkish President, Ibrahim Kalın, announced after the meeting of the Supreme Military Council (YAŞ) that General Hulusi Akar would retain his post as Chief of Staff and that the level of command in the military would not be changed for the time being. The Commander of the Turkish Land Forces General Salih Zeki Çolak, the Commander of the Air Force General Abidin Ünal and the Navy Chief Admiral Recep Bülent Bostanoğlu will remain in their positions. The council also made changes to the gendarmerie and vice-general staff positions. General Yaşar Güler was appointed commander of the gendarmerie and General Ümit Dündar was appointed deputy chief of staff. 99 colonels were promoted to generals and admirals, while the tenure of 20 generals and admirals was extended by one year.

It is also planned to subordinate the General Staff and the National Intelligence Service (MIT) to the President (Erdogan). “We want the General Staff and MIT to be tied to the presidency if the opposition accepts it. We need amendments to the constitution in order to make such changes. " (Erdogan)

Justice and Administration

The Turkish state news agency Anadolu Ajansı reported that ten members of the Turkish State Council have been arrested and five members of the Ankara High Council of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK) have been removed from their membership. The High Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors announced after the coup attempt to dismiss 2,745 judges in the country. That corresponds to about a third of all judges and prosecutors in Turkey.

Other ministries were also affected by the purges: 1,500 employees in the Ministry of Finance, 8,777 in the Ministry of the Interior, 393 employees in the Ministry of Family and Social Affairs, 492 people working for the Supreme Authority for Religious Affairs ( Diyanet ), 257 employees of the Prime Minister's Office and 100 Employees of the Turkish secret service lost their jobs as a result of the failed coup attempt.

To replace the many dismissed lawyers, the government plans to hire 1,500 new judges and prosecutors by the end of 2016.

Education sector

After the nationwide action against allegedly suspicious putschists (or supporters of the coup plotters in the military and the judiciary), the Turkish government decided in the education sector radical purges carried out: 15,200 civil servants in the Ministry of Education were suspended, including administrative staff and teachers at state schools.

Furthermore, 21,000 private school teachers were withdrawn from teaching. They were accused of having ties to the putschists and the Gülen movement, which runs many of these private schools.

The universities / colleges were also targeted: 1577 university deans were forced to resign, of which 1176 were employed at state universities and 401 at private universities. Several university rectors - all previously appointed by the state president - had already been suspended. According to the Hürriyet Daily News, the rectors of Yildiz , Gazi , Dicle University and Yalova University were affected .

In a letter, the Turkish University Council asked the rectors of all state and private universities to check their employees in science and administration to see whether they have personal connections to the Gülen movement. This also applies to foreign teaching staff. The Turkish University Council asked the rectors to send him the results of their reviews by August 5th.

On July 20, 2016, the University Council prohibited all scientists and teachers at Turkish universities from business trips abroad - such as research trips, stays or the use of grants. Lecturers abroad without a compelling reason to stay were asked to return to Turkey as soon as possible.

After the many suspensions and closings of private schools, the government announced that it would hire 20,000 new teachers in 2016.

media

Because of alleged Gülen connections, the telecommunications authority RTÜK revoked a total of 24 radio and television stations - mainly small and local broadcasters - their broadcasting license. These include Bugün-TV , Kanal Türk and Mehtap TV , but also radio stations that broadcast in Kurdish or from the Kurdish region. Around 20 online news portals have also been blocked, such as the left-wing Karşı Gazete , ABC Gazetesi and Medyascope as well as Haberdar , Meydan , Gazeteport and Rotahaber . The Yarına Bakış newspaper, newly founded by the former Zaman journalists, was also closed. 34 journalists were deprived of their press cards and eight people were arrested for tweeting on the Internet allegedly supporting the coup or insulting President Erdoğan. The police prevented the delivery of an issue of the satirical magazine LeMan , which had a caricature on the cover of the failed coup attempt.

On July 25, 2016, Turkish authorities ordered the arrest of 42 journalists, including the prominent conservative government critic Nazlı Ilıcak , who in 1999 was still a member of the Islamist Virtue Party (a forerunner of the AKP). As reported by the Hürriyet Daily News , the orders were issued by the office of Istanbul Anti-Terrorist Prosecutor İrfan Fidan. The public prosecutor accuses them of membership in the Gülen movement. According to World Turkey Correspondent Deniz Yücel , there are also "names completely far removed from Gülen" on the list, for example Bülent Mumay , the dismissed head of the online editorial team at Hürriyet and long-time editor of the left-liberal daily Radikal , who has any closeness to Gülen network rejects it.

On July 27, 2016, the Turkish authorities ordered the arrest of 47 former executives, journalists and columnists of the daily Zaman . They were accused of being Fethullah Gülen's supporters. The editorial rooms of the government-critical newspaper had already been stormed by the police in March 2016, and the newspaper was subsequently placed under forced administration by the Turkish government and brought into line with government.

Also with effect from July 27, 2016, the Council of Ministers, which met under Erdoğan's chairmanship, decided, among other things, to close three news agencies, 16 television and 23 radio stations, 45 newspapers, 15 magazines and 29 publishers and sales companies. These are both national and local providers. According to the broadcaster CNN-Türk , the news agency Cihan and the opposition daily Taraf were affected.

On April 29, 2017, access to Wikipedia was blocked in Turkey . This affected not only the Turkish language Wikipedia, but also the access to Wikipedia in all other languages.

Companies

The fixed network operator Türk Telekom , which is 30 percent owned by the Turkish state, laid off 198 employees “in cooperation with the security forces”.

The airline Turkish Airlines , in which the state holds 49% of the shares, announced 211 employees, the connections to the Gülen movement are said to have worked or ineffective and provided poor performance. This was also justified with the worsened booking situation.

At the beginning of August 2016, Erdogan announced that what he called the "cleansing" after the attempted coup would also be extended to the business world. Numerous companies were searched and business people were arrested. On August 16, 2016, 44 companies accused of providing financial support to the Gülen movement were raided in Istanbul and arrest warrants were issued against 120 businessmen. 80 people were arrested during the action. The companies were u. a. Akfen Holding, which is active in the construction business, and the A101 supermarket chain, which operates approx. Operates 6,300 stores nationwide. The Turkish Minister of Trade and Customs Bülent Tüfenkci said after the police raids that the government had targeted 250 companies with alleged links to the Gülen movement.

Two days later, on August 18, 2016, the Istanbul Public Prosecutor's Office ordered the property of 187 business people to be confiscated. They were also accused of having links with the Gülen movement. Among those affected were u. a. the chairman of the Turkish Association of Businessmen and Industrialists (TUSKON), Rızanur Meral, the chairman of the board of the clothing company Aydınlı Group, and Ömer Faruk Kavurmacı and Faruk Güllüoğlu and two of his brothers who make confectionery and run baklava chains. The 187 business people were also put out to search. 60 of them had already been arrested in the course of the raids in Istanbul.

The banks were not spared either. 29 investigators from the banking supervisory authority BDDK (Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu) were arrested in connection with suspected irregular inspections. The investigators were arrested on suspicion of conducting "irregular" investigations into the account of a government-affiliated foundation and of business people close to Erdogan. In addition, the Turkish government advised banks to stop financing companies with ties to the preacher Fetullah Gülen. The Deputy Prime Minister Mehmet Şimşek said that they are negotiating this with the credit institutions . According to Şimşek, there are a few hundred companies and the procedure has no influence on the Turkish economy as a whole.

religion

On July 26, the religious authority Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı (Bureau for Religious Affairs) dismissed 1,112 employees, mainly imams and Koran teachers.

Overview of suspensions and arrests

Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel greets General Erdal Öztürk. Öztürk was arrested in connection with the attempted coup.
institution Suspended Imprisoned Remarks Source / date
Turkish Armed Forces Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri 1,684 96 2016-07-27
2016-07-20
Turkish Army Türk Kara Kuvetleri 1,069 N / A 87 generals
Turkish Navy Türk Deniz Kuvetleri 154 N / A 32 admirals
Turkish Air Force 461 N / A 30 generals
Home Office 8,777 N / A 2016-07-18
Ministry of Health 5,581 N / A 115 managers, 1,504 doctors, a total of 5,581 employees of the Ministry of Health 2016-07-28
Ministry of Culture and Tourism 110 N / A 2016-07-26
Ministry of National Education Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı 15,200 N / A 2016-07-19
Ministry of Development 82 N / A 2016-07-25
Ministry of Economy 15th N / A 2016-07-25
Ministry of Forestry and Water Management 197 N / A 2016-07-25
Ministry of Transport, Communications and Maritime Trade 529 N / A 2016-07-25
Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology 560 N / A 2016-07-25
Ministry of Family and Social Policy 599 N / A 2016-07-25
Ministry of Environment and Urban Development 70 N / A 2016-07-25
Turkish universities 697 N / A 2016-07-22
Istanbul City Council 768 N / A 2016-07-29
total 45,954 2016-07-25

Declaration of a state of emergency

After a special meeting of the National Security Council and the Council of Ministers on 20/21 In July 2016, Erdoğan announced that a state of emergency (olağanüstü hal) would be declared for three months . Following the recommendation of the National Security Council, the Council of Ministers decided to declare a 90-day state of emergency throughout the country due to a political crisis according to Art. 120 of the Constitution and Art. 3 Para. 1 lit. b of the Emergency Act. The resolution of the Council of Ministers was announced in the Official Journal on July 21, 2016, and the decision of the Grand National Assembly approved the following day.

Erdoğan said the attempted coup "may not be over" and that "there may be further plans". The state of emergency is necessary in order to be able to quickly “remove all elements” that were involved in the attempted coup.

The state of emergency makes it possible to govern largely by ordinances with legal force (kanun hükmünde kararnameler) without corresponding parliamentary enabling laws ( cf. Art. 121 Para. 3 and Art. 91 of the Constitution). Certain fundamental rights can be restricted or completely suspended in accordance with the principle of proportionality in accordance with Article 15 of the Constitution (cf. Article 15 Paragraph 1 ECHR); Physical integrity and freedom of thought (but not freedom of expression) remain protected. Among other things, curfews can be imposed and gatherings and demonstrations can be prohibited; Security forces may search people, vehicles or properties and seize possible evidence; certain areas can be cordoned off or evacuated; land, sea and air traffic can be controlled; Print products (such as newspapers, magazines or books) can be subject to conditions or banned entirely; All types of broadcasters and the distribution of texts, images, films or sound documents can be controlled, restricted or completely prohibited.

Parliament can change the duration of the state of emergency, or lift it, which is unlikely, given the clear majority of Erdoğan's AKP in the National Assembly.

It was announced that the validity of the European Convention on Human Rights would be suspended, which observers judged legally as a logical consequence of the imposition of the state of emergency, because many of its measures already violated the convention.

First ordinance with the force of law

On July 22, 2016, the Council of Ministers, which was chaired by Erdoğan, decided to issue the first statutory ordinance. The announcement in the Official Journal took place the next day. According to Art. 6 lit. a of this ordinance with the force of law, in certain cases arrested persons can be held in police custody for 30 days without being brought before a judge. In the normal state, this is possible for a maximum of four days in the case of collectively committed crimes (Art. 91 Para. 3 tStPO).

In addition, 2341 institutions across the country that the government believes belong to the Gülen network are to be closed. These include 1,229 charitable institutions, 1,043 private schools, 15 universities, 35 medical institutions such as hospitals and 19 trade unions.

The government invalidated the passports of 11,000 Turkish citizens, mostly civil servants. At airports, civil servants must now present a certificate from their authority stating that nothing stands in the way of their departure. This also applies to their spouses and children.

Extension of the state of emergency

On October 3, 2016, the Turkish cabinet decided to extend the state of emergency imposed after the attempted coup by 90 days. The Security Council had previously recommended an extension. The state of emergency imposed by Erdogan after the attempted coup in mid-July came into force for 90 days on July 21 and should then end on October 18, 2016. With multiple extensions, each of which comes into force through publication in the Official Journal, the state of emergency currently runs until April 19, 2018. [obsolete]

The Turkish parliament has yet to approve the cabinet decision. Since Erdogan's Islamic-conservative AKP has a sufficient majority in parliament, it is only a matter of form. In addition, the ultra-nationalist opposition party MHP had already promised its support for the measure. The largest opposition party CHP and the pro-Kurdish HDP are against the state of emergency.

Effects on freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly is restricted throughout Turkey. As an example of the effect, the Süddeutsche Zeitung cited the gathering of cleaners from the Avcılar district administration in Istanbul. Before the coup attempt, they took to the streets every day for workers' rights. The cleaning men are at odds with their employer, demanding better working conditions and the possibility of membership in the union. As a result, the city administration fired 32 cleaners. Since May 3, 2016, the cleaning men have been demonstrating against it every day and setting up their tents. This has been banned since July 21, 2016 because of the state of emergency.

Retroactive reintroduction of the death penalty for putschists

President Erdoğan also spoke several times that the reintroduction of the death penalty must be examined.

In a July 2016 CNN interview with Becky Anderson , he said, according to the CNN translation into English:

ANDERSON: The death penalty has become an issue, something that people are talking about here in the wake of this attempted coup. And you have said, should it be the will of the people, that you would discuss the opportunity to reintroduce the death penalty should everybody agree to that. Is that something you stand by? Because the issue of the death penalty would - here - would clearly inform what is going on in Greece with those eight soldiers and would clearly inform what is going on with Gulen in the United States. Your thoughts?

ERDOGAN: Now, in the face of these incidents, where 208 people were killed, civilians were killed, the citizens have voiced a request. They asked for death penalty repeatedly.

So my question is, do you have the death penalty in the US? Yes. In Russia? Yes. In China? Yes. Well, European nations, no, they don't have it. And we, the administrations before us, actually, abolished the death penalty in the EU accession talks so that we would be allowed to become a member.

Now - but this issue can now be taken in the parliament, it can be discussed there. Of course, we previously abolished it, my administration. But we can always go back and reintroduce it. If the parliament takes that decision, then that's the decision that will count.

ANDERSON: Do you think that's likely?

ERDOGAN: It can be. The people now have the opinion, after so many terrorist incidents, that these terrorists should be killed. That's what the people think. That's where they are. They don't see any other outcome to it. I mean, life sentence or aggravated life sentence - why should I keep them and feed them in prisons for years to come? That's what the people say.

So they want a swift end to it, because people lost relatives, lost neighbors, lost children. Eight-year-olds, 15-year-olds, 20-year-old young people. So the people are very sensitive, and we have to act very sensibly and sensitively in the face of these requests.

What I tell the people is this: there is a clear crime of treason, and your request can never be rejected by our government. But, of course, it will take a parliamentary decision for that to take action in the form of a constitutional measure. So the leaders will have to come together, discuss it. If they accept to discuss it, then as the president, I will approve any decision to come out of the parliament. "

- : Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in conversation with Becky Anderson

This statement was taken to mean that Erdoğan wants to reintroduce the death penalty retrospectively .

A retroactive tightening of penalties would contradict Article 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights signed by Turkey .

In February 2017, Erdoğan brought a referendum on the death penalty into play. During an election campaign he said "We can organize a referendum for this too". Such a referendum is possible if there is no two-thirds majority in parliament for a constitutional amendment to reintroduce the death penalty. "If the people want the death penalty, that's it". Erdoğan also stressed that he would sign a constitutional amendment to reintroduce the death penalty.

Reconstruction of the Bekçi

Were the Bekçi in Turkey as of 2008 no longer found, ordered Erdogan by decree the re-erection of the night and neighborhood watchman in 2016th

politics

ACP

The Turkish presidential chancellery made the Erdoğan critic Fethullah Gülen and forces associated with his Gülen movement responsible for the coup attempt in the early hours of July 16. President Erdoğan called the attempted coup on the morning after the night of the coup a “gift from God” and announced a “purge” of the military.

Erdogan said the reintroduction of the death penalty must be considered.

HDP

The HDP assumes that the coup attempt will now be used to eliminate all opponents of the government and to further restrict freedoms. HDP MP Meral Beştaş pointed out in a parliamentary debate that the rules for the state of emergency came from the coup plotters of the 1980 coup .

critic

The editor-in-chief of the Cumhuriyet newspaper , Can Dündar , described the measures as "the greatest witch hunt in the history of the republic" and claimed that the "civil dictatorship" had now begun. According to the human rights organization Amnesty International , there is “credible evidence” of incidents ranging from prisoner abuse to torture. The head of the Turkey section of Amnesty International Taner Kılıç was arrested on June 6, 2017 for alleged links to the FETÖ .

foreign countries

Reactions from Turks abroad

Turks abroad in various countries held demonstrations condemning the coup attempt and in support of President Erdoğan and the AKP government on July 17 and 18, 2016, mostly organized by the Union of European-Turkish Democrats (UETD). At times combative slogans were uttered and there were cases of violence. The Austrian section of the UETD published a post on its Facebook page in which it called for alleged government opponents to be reported to the Turkish police. On July 21, the Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz summoned the Turkish ambassador to explain - according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - "in which direction Turkey is developing". He expressed his lack of understanding for the "massive interference" in the judiciary. Kurz complained that demonstrations in Austria had apparently been requested directly from Turkey, and recommended that Turks resident in the country who “want to get involved in Turkish domestic politics” leave Austria.

Boycott calls against named shops and restaurants in Cologne that are run by alleged Gülen supporters were published on the Internet. In North Rhine-Westphalia there were several vandalistic or violent attacks and massive threats against schools close to Gülen, as well as businesses and people who are attributed to the network. Similar attacks have been reported in the Netherlands, Belgium and France. Ercan Karakoyun , spokesman for the Gülen movement's Foundation for Dialogue and Education in Germany, complained about death threats.

European Union

A debate broke out in the European Union as to whether accession negotiations with Turkey should be continued, frozen or broken off. In the opinion of several government representatives, the reintroduction of the death penalty should in any case lead to an end to the accession negotiations, as this would inevitably prevent membership. The EU Commission wants to officially continue the negotiations and also adhere to the so-called “ refugee pact ” between Turkey and the EU. However, the President of the Commission Jean-Claude Juncker made it clear that he currently and "for a longer period" does not see Turkey in a position to join the EU. On November 24, 2016, 479 of 751 members of the European Parliament voted for a "'temporary freeze' of EU accession talks with Turkey".

Anti-IS coalition

According to the US secret services, the "wave of cleansing" in the Turkish military and the entire Turkish security apparatus is weakening the struggle of the international alliance against the Islamic State . Many previous contacts were removed or arrested, said James Clapper , Director of National Intelligence .

Others

Karl Born expressed his insult to the dead in the coup and voiced concerns about the country. He drew parallels to the Reichstag fire and the Reichstag fire ordinance .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erdogan intensifies course against critics. In: WienerZeitung.at , July 24, 2016.
  2. ↑ Far from Europe. tagesschau.de , November 6, 2016, accessed on November 6, 2016 .
  3. ↑ a b c d After attempted coup: Turkey orders the arrest of more than 200 soldiers . In: Spiegel Online . July 9, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed July 9, 2019]).
  4. ↑ sendika10.org: Erdoğan: Bu vatana ihanet hareketinin bedelini çok ağır ödeyecekler. (No longer available online.) In: tagesschau.de. Archived from the original on July 21, 2016 ; accessed on March 8, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / sendika10.org
  5. ↑ tagesschau.de: EU and Federal Government: No accession to Turkey with the death penalty. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved July 18, 2016 .
  6. ↑ In Turkey already 6000 arrests Tagesspiegel.de, July 17, 2016
  7. ↑ tagesschau.de: EU and Federal Government: No accession to Turkey with the death penalty. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved July 18, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Sabah, July 18, 2016
  9. ^ Message from the President's Office , (Turkish) July 24, 2016
  10. ↑ tagesschau.de: Concern at Amnesty: Where are Erdogan's prisoners? In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved August 3, 2016 .
  11. ↑ Handelsblatt September 28, 2016: Erdogan's Security Council. Turkey wants to extend the state of emergency
  12. ^ Spiegel-Online September 28th: ​​Security Council of Turkey. State of emergency is to be extended
  13. ↑ Heute.de September 29, 2016: National Security Council Turkey wants to extend the state of emergency ( Memento of the original from October 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heute.de
  14. ^ Die Zeit September 29, 2016: Turkey: State of emergency should be extended
  15. ↑ Tuğamiral Nejat Atilla Demirhan kimdir? Gözaltına alındı
  16. ↑ Tümgeneral Memduh Hakbilen, gözaltına alındı
  17. ↑ Son dakika haberi: Orgeneral Adem Huduti ve Orgeneral Erdal Öztürk gözaltında. Hürriyet , accessed August 2, 2016 .
  18. ↑ Darbe girişimine ilişkin 34 general gözaltına alındı. Evrensel , accessed July 16, 2016 (Turkish).
  19. ↑ Cumhurbaşkanlığı muhafız alayı lağvedilecek. BBC , accessed June 2, 2016 (Turkish).
  20. ↑ sueddeutsche.de
  21. ↑ Turkey puts Gulen, 269 others on trial over coup bid. In: Gulfnews.com . January 30, 2017, accessed January 30, 2017 .
  22. ^ After attempted coup: Turkey orders arrest of more than 200 soldiers . In: Spiegel Online . July 9, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed July 9, 2019]).
  23. ↑ Daily Sabah July 27, 2016: Turkish military: Only 1.5 percent were involved
  24. ↑ Daily Sabah July 27, 2016: Number of detained coup plotters, accomplices nears 10,000
  25. ↑ Standard (Austria) July 27, 2016: The Turkish military is now dancing to Erdoğan's whistle
  26. ↑ Standard (Austria) July 27, 2016: The Turkish military is now dancing to Erdoğan's whistle
  27. ↑ Handelsblatt July 28, 2016: After a coup attempt in Turkey. Erdogan wants to put the military under his control
  28. ↑ Reuters July 22, 2016: Erdogan wants to bring "fresh blood" to the army after the coup
  29. ↑ Die Zeit July 22, 2016: Attempted coup in Turkey: Erdoğan announces restructuring of the army
  30. ↑ Tagesschau July 28, 2016: Turkey is rebuilding armed forces. "New blood" for the military leadership
  31. ↑ Daily Sabah July 28, 2016: Two top generals retire ahead of the Supreme Military Council meeting
  32. ↑ Daily Sabah July 30, 2016: Istanbul court orders release of 758 soldiers, 62 cadets in coup sample
  33. ↑ Krone (Austria) July 28, 2016: Turkey wants assets from judges - military is being rebuilt ( Memento from August 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  34. ↑ Daily Sabah July 28, 2016: Two top generals retire ahead of the Supreme Military Council meeting
  35. ↑ Donaukurier July 28, 2016: Turkish Military Council recruits important leadership positions in the army ( memento of the original from August 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.donaukurier.de
  36. ↑ Daily Sabah July 29, 2016: Supreme Military Council (YAŞ) keeps Akar as Chief of Staff
  37. ↑ Daily Sabah July 28, 2016: Two top generals retire ahead of the Supreme Military Council meeting
  38. ↑ Hurriyet Daily News July 30, 2016: Military cleared of Gülen-linked elements: Turkish PM
  39. ↑ Daily Sabah July 29, 2016: General Staff and Intelligence Service could be tied to the presidency
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  58. ↑ a b Deniz Yücel: That is the price for journalism in this country. In: Die Welt (Online), July 25, 2016.
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  61. ↑ See Art. 2 Para. 1 lit. b and c of the statutory ordinance with legal force No. 668 of July 25, 2016, Official Gazette No. 29783/2. Mükerrer of July 27, 2016, p. 1 ( PDF file; 2.0 MB ).
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  76. ↑ Hurriyet Daily News August 18, 2016: Bosses, baklava kings detained in anti-Gülen probe
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  81. ↑ Art. 120 of the constitution reads in German translation: "If there are serious signs of spreading acts of violence aimed at abolishing the liberal democratic order established by the constitution or fundamental rights and freedoms, or if public order is seriously disrupted, the Council of Ministers, which meets under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic, after obtaining the opinion of the National Security Council, can declare a state of emergency in one part or in several parts of the country or in the whole country for a period of no more than six months. "Translation by Christian Rumpf: The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. As of June 1, 2016, p. 30 f. ( PDF file; 1.0 MB ).
  82. ↑ .. Ministerial Council Decision No. 2016/9064 of 20 July 2016 Official Journal 29777 of 21 July 2016 p 1 ( PDF file, 137 kB ).
  83. ↑ Approval resolution of Parliament No. 1116 of July 21, 2016, Official Journal No. 29778 of July 22, 2016, p. 1 ( PDF file; 165 kB ).
  84. ^ Christian Rumpf: Introduction to Turkish law (= series of legal training. Volume 169). 2nd fundamentally revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-65766-5 , p. 59 (§ 6 marginal number 186).
  85. ^ Spiegel-Online July 20, 2016: President Erdogan imposes a state of emergency for three months
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  88. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau July 20, 2016: Turkey declares a three-month state of emergency
  89. ↑ Frankfurter Neue Presse July 21, 2016: Turkey: State of emergency came into force  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.fnp.de  
  90. ↑ Die Welt July 20, 2016: What the State of Emergency Means for Turkey
  91. ^ After the coup in Turkey: Ankara wants to suspend the human rights convention , Neue Zürcher Zeitung of July 21, 2016
  92. ↑ APA: Turkey wants to temporarily suspend the European Convention on Human Rights , Der Standard from July 21, 2016
  93. ↑ Ordinance with the force of law No. 667 of July 22, 2016 , Official Gazette No. 29779 of July 23, 2016, p. 1.
  94. ↑ Among other things in the case of crimes against the security of the state (Art. 302–308 tStGB), against the constitutional order and its functioning (Art. 309–316 tStGB), against national defense (Art. 317–325 tStGB) and against state secrets and Espionage (Articles 326–339 ​​tStGB).
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