Anabaum
| Anabaum | ||||||||||||
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Faidherbia albida , with maize and the Borassus akeassii palm in Burkina Faso |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Faidherbia | ||||||||||||
| A.Chev. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Faidherbia albida | ||||||||||||
| ( Delile ) A. Chev. |
The faidherbia albida ( Faidherbia albida ) is the only plant species of the genus Faidherbia in the subfamily of the mimosa plants (Mimosoideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). This species is native to Africa and the Middle East, but has also been introduced to India and Pakistan .
Description and ecology
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Vegetative characteristics
In Faidherbia albida is a deciduous, thorny tree , the stature heights of up to 30 meters and reaches a depth reaching up to 40 meters taproot forms. The thorns are transformed stipules .
The plant only turns green at the beginning of the dry season. The alternate leaves are blue-green and bipinnate ; having three to ten pairs Fiedern first order and six to 23 pairs pinna leaflet second order. The second-order leaflets are 3.5 to 9 × 0.7 to 3 millimeters in size and gray-green.
Generative characteristics
The annual inflorescences are 3.5 to 16 centimeters long with a diameter of 2 centimeters. The yellowish flowers are hermaphroditic. Five sepals form a 1 to 1.7 millimeter long calyx. The five free petals are 3 to 3.5 millimeters long. The flowering period extends from March to September. Insects from the following groups were observed as pollinators : Scoliidae , Eumonidae (Hymenoptera) and Lycanidae (Lepidoptera).
The crooked to twisted legumes are orange to reddish-brown, 10 to 35 centimeters long and 2 to 5 centimeters wide. Each legume contains 10 to 29 dark brown, egg-shaped, light-colored seeds that are 10 × 6.0 millimeters in size.
Systematics
It was first described in 1813 under the name ( Basionym ) Acacia albida by Alire Raffeneau-Delile . The genus Faidherbia was created in 1934 with the new combination to Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. Published by Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier . The specific epithet albida refers to the whitish trunk of this species. The generic name Faidherbia honors the French general and governor of Senegal Louis Faidherbe .
Faidherbia albida is the only species of the genus Faidherbia in the subfamily Mimosoideae within the family Fabaceae .
Common names in other languages
Common names in other languages are for example: Ana Tree, Apple Ring Acacia, Winter Thorn, Arabic حراز Haraz .
use
The property of providing shade in the dry season, but also the enrichment and fixation of nitrogen, make Faidherbia albida a popular tree in agroforestry systems in the Sahel and Sudan zones in so-called evergreen agriculture . In addition, the tree loses its leaves during the rainy season, which then serve as nitrogenous fertilizers. The pulses are used as protein-rich fodder , in southern Africa also as food in times of need. Feeding the animals also causes the seeds to germinate once they have passed through the animal's digestive tract. In addition, parts of the tree are used for medical and veterinary purposes. The ana tree is therefore one of the most important trees in the re-greening of the Niger , where 200 million trees were planted. Due to their large root system, anabrees also hold water in the upper soil longer, so that farmers can withstand droughts better and the branches serve as firewood.
Due to its resistance to rot and termite infestation, the wood of the Ana tree is very much valued in the region of the inland delta of the Niger for scaffolding components in mosques , such as toron beams in the clay mosques of Timbuktu .
swell
- ↑ a b c d data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
- ↑ Data sheet ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) at the World Agroforestree Database .
- ↑ data sheet at plantzafrica.com
- ^ A b M. Arbonnier, 2002: Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique de l'Ouest. CIRAD, MNHN ISBN 2-85653-546-1 .
- ^ Faidherbia albida at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 24, 2015.
- ↑ Volker Mrasek : Evergreen Agriculture for Africa , dradio.de, Research News , November 3, 2010
- ↑ Ruth Maclean: The great African regreening: millions of 'magical' new trees bring renewal. In: The Guardian. August 16, 2018, accessed December 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Dorothee Gruner, Die Lehmmoschee am Niger , p. 65 f. (see lit.)
literature
- Thomas Krings , Sahelländer, WBG-Länderkunden, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt, 2006, ISBN 3-534-11860-X
- Dorothee Gruner, The Lehmmoschee am Niger, documentation of a traditional building type, Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-515-05357-3
- SI Ali: Mimosaceae. In: Flora of Pakistan , No. 36, Univ. Of Karachi, 1973. Acacia albida at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Johannes Dieterich (Ed.): Tony Rinaudo - Der Waldmacher , Verlag rüffer & rub, Zurich, 2018, ISBN 978-3-906304-18-2
Web links
- Datasheet at plantzafrica.com .
- Africa: Forestry, Agroforestry and Environment ( Memento from August 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Data sheet ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) at the World Agroforestree Database .
- Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project = HEAR.
- Purdue University New Crop Resource Online Program .
- BBC News story on Mali's Faidherbia albida trees
- Faidherbia albida . In: U. Brunken, M. Schmidt, S. Dressler, T. Janssen, A. Thiombiano, G. Zizka: West African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main 2008.