Faustovirus

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"Faustovirus"
Faustovirus.png

Cryo-EM image of a " Faustovirus " virion
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Varidnaviria
Empire : Bamfordvirae
Phylum : Nucleocytoviricota
Class : Pokkesviricetes
Order : Asfuvirales
Family : " Faustoviridae "
Genre : "Faustovirus"
Type : "Faustovirus mariensis"
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA
Baltimore : Group 1
Scientific name
"Faustovirus"
Short name
"FauV"
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 1477405

" Faustovirus " (" FauV ") or " Faustovirus mariensis " is the proposed name for a genus or species of DNA viruses .

properties

Faustoviruses are giant viruses from the Phylum Negarnaviricota (outdated Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses , NCLDV; in the past sometimes classified as Megavirales ). They infect amoeba . They were first described in 2015 in Vermamoeba verformis ( Arcellinida ), which occurs mainly in the human environment.

structure

The greatest similarity to other viruses is with those of the family Asfarviridae , whereby the virus particles (virions) of " Faustovirus " (as well as the unrelated coltivirus of the family Reoviridae ) have a double protein envelope for the packaging of the genome . Faustoviruses are 2,400 angstroms in diameter . The capsid is roughly icosahedral . Symmetry T = 277.

Genome

The Faustovirus genome consists of dsDNA and is 466 kbp in length  (Faustovirus ST1: 470,659 bp, Faustovirus D6: 462011 bp) and encodes a predicted 478 (or 495) viral proteins , of which around two thirds have no known homologues . The GC content is 37% (or 38%). Unusually for viruses, the Faustovirus genome contains several introns . The gene of the main capsid protein MCP ( English major capsid protein ) codes for 652 amino acids , but has an unusual length of 17 kB.

Replication cycle

The replication cycle of the Faustoviruses lasts about 24 hours and ends with cell lysis to release the newly formed virions .

Systematics

In the genus “ Faustovirus ” with the species “ Faustovirus mariensis ”, according to Andreani at al. (2018) the following representatives:

  • Genus: " Faustovirus ".
  • Species " Faustovirus mariensis ".
  • Faustovirus D3
  • Faustovirus E9
  • Faustovirus Liban
  • Faustovirus E12 ( prototype )
  • Faustovirus E24

Most authors suggest that the genus “ Faustovirus ” should be understood as a type species of a new family Faustoviridae within the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV). In addition to the smallpox viruses, this group includes all known giant viruses and was officially confirmed as Phylum Nucleocytoviricota by the ICTV in March 2020 . The Faustoviruses are closest within the NCLDV of the family Asfarviridae with genus Asfivirus (ASFV), even if they are different from these viruses. In March the ICTV set up the new order Asfuvirales for the closer relatives of the Asfarviridae , with which a taxon is available for the common clade of the Asfaviridae and " Faustoviridae ". Schulz et al (2018) propose a system for this clade as follows:

 Asfuvirales  

 " Kaumoebavirus "


   

 Asfarviridae ( Asfivirus )


 ? " Faustoviridae " 

 " Pacman Virus "


   

 " Faustovirus "





Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

In comparison, Guglielmini et al. (2019), Fig. 2, the positions of Asfarviridae and “ Kaumoebavirus ” reversed. The Dinodnavirus was suggested as a possible further member of this extended Asfarviridae group .

Web links

  • Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS):

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ a b c Graziel Oliveira, Bernard La Scola, Jônatas Abrahão: Giant virus vs amoeba: fight for supremacy , in: Virol J 16, 126, November 4, 2019, doi: 10.1186 / s12985-019-1244-3 , PDF
  3. ↑ a b NCBI: Faustovirus (species) - listed here as a salvation because of Oliveira 2019 ( binary nomenclature )
  4. ↑ a b c Leena H. Bajrai, Samia Benamar, Esam I. Azhar, Catherine Robert, Anthony Levasseur, Didier Raoult, Bernard La Scola; Eric O. Freed (Ed.): Kaumoebavirus, a New Virus That Clusters with Faustoviruses and Asfarviridae. In: Viruses Volume 8, No. 11, October 28, 2016, p. 278, doi: 10.3390 / v8110278 , PMC 5127008 (free full text), PMID 27801826
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i T. Klose, D. G. Reteno, S. Benamar, A. Hollerbach, P. Colson, B. La Scola, M. G. Rossmann: Structure of faustovirus, a large dsDNA virus. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 113, number 22, May 2016, pp. 6206-6211, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.1523999113 , PMID 27185929 , PMC 4896704 (free full text).
  6. ^ A b S. Benamar, DG Reteno, V. Bandaly, N. Labas, D. Raoult, B. La Scola: Faustoviruses: Comparative Genomics of New Megavirales Family Members. In: Frontiers in microbiology. Volume 7, 2016, p. 3, doi : 10.3389 / fmicb.2016.00003 , PMID 26903952 , PMC 4742530 (free full text).
  7. ↑ a b D. G. Reteno, S. Benamar, J.B. Khalil, J. Andreani, N. Armstrong, T. Klose, M. Rossman, P. Colson, D. Raoult, B. La Scola: Faustovirus to asfarvirus-related new lineage of giant viruses infecting amoebae. In: Journal of virology. Volume 89, number 13, July 2015, pp. 6585-6594, doi : 10.1128 / JVI.00115-15 , PMID 25878099 , PMC 4468488 (free full text).
  8. ↑ Genki Yoshikawa, Romain Blanc-Mathieu, Chihong Song, Yoko Kayama, Tomohiro Mochizuki, Kazuyoshi Murata, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masaharu Takemura: Medusavirus, a novel large DNA virus discovered from hot spring water . In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X . 93, No. 8, 2019. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.02130-18 . PMID 30728258 . Accessed July 2, 2019. PDF
  9. ↑ David M. Needham, Alexandra Z. Worden et al .: A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators , in: PNAS, 23 September 2019, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1907517116 , ISSN 0027-8424 , here: Supplement 1 (xlsx)
  10. ↑ Julien Andreani, Jacques YB Khalil, Emeline Baptiste, Issam Hasni, Caroline Michelle, Didier Raoult, Anthony Levasseur, Bernard La Scola: Orpheovirus IHUMI-LCC2: A New Virus among the Giant Viruses , in: Front. Microbiol., January 22, 2018, doi: 10.3389 / fmicb.2017.02643
  11. ↑ Amina Cherif Louazani, Emeline Baptiste, Anthony Levasseur, Philippe Colson, Bernard La Scola: Faustovirus E12 Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Complex Splicing in Capsid Gene , in: Front. Microbiol., October 23, 2018, doi: 10.3389 / fmicb.2018.02534
  12. ↑ Frederik Schulz, Lauren Alteio, Danielle Goudeau, Elizabeth M. Ryan, Feiqiao B. Yu, Rex R. Malmstrom, Jeffrey Blanchard, Tanja Woyke: Hidden diversity of soil giant viruses , in: Nature Communicationsvolume 9, Article number: 4881 (2018 ) from November 19, 2018, doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-07335-2
  13. ^ Pierre-Philippe Dechant: Recent developments in mathematical virology . (PDF) ICERM, York St. John University, November 15, 2018
  14. ↑ Julien Guglielmini, Anthony C. Woo, Mart Krupovic, Patrick Forterre, Morgan Gaia: Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic dsDNnA viruses predated the origin of modern eukaryotes , in: PNAS 116 (39), 10./24. September 2019, pp. 19585-19592, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1912006116 , PMID 31506349 , Fig. 2
  15. ↑ H. Ogata, K. Toyoda, Y. Tomaru, N. Nakayama, Y. Shirai, JM Claverie, K. Nagasaki: Remarkable sequence similarity between the dinoflagellate-infecting marine girus and the terrestrial pathogen African swine fever virus. In: Virol J. 6, 2009, p. 178.