Fig-leaved goosefoot

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Fig-leaved goosefoot
Fig-leaved goosefoot (Chenopodium ficifolium)

Fig-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium ficifolium )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Genre : Goose feet ( Chenopodium )
Type : Fig-leaved goosefoot
Scientific name
Chenopodium ficifolium
Sm.
The leaf axils usually have an intense red spot.
The leaves have deeply seated side lobes and an almost linear middle lobe.
Fig-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium ficifolium )
The flowers are densely covered with bubble hairs.
Seeds covered by the pericarp

The fig-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium ficifolium ), also called fig-leaf goose-foot , is a species of plant in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae) native to Central Europe .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The fig-leaved goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant with a stature height of 10 to 120 cm and without a noticeable odor. The upright stem is striped green and ribbed, its surface is glabrous or floury in the inflorescence.

The lightly floured leaves are stalked 0.3 to 4.5 cm long. The leaves reach a length of 2.5 to 6 cm and a width of 1.2 to 3.5 cm. The leaf blade is narrowly ovate to elongated and clearly three-lobed with deep-seated side lobes and an elongated, narrow, parallel-edged middle lobe, which can be irregularly dentate or almost entire at the edge. The tip of the leaf is blunt or slightly pointed, the base of the leaf is narrowed in a wedge shape.

Inflorescence and flower

The inflorescences consist of axillary or terminal panicles with clustered partial inflorescences . The irregularly spherical flower clusters from 1.7 to 1.9 mm in diameter contain several flowers in different stages of development. The flower stalks and the perianth are floury, and later bald. The hermaphrodite flowers have five herbaceous bracts, which are connected at the base to a 0.3 mm long tube. The free, arched Tepalenzipfel are broadly egg-shaped, 0.5 to 0.9 mm long and 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide, keeled on the back and white skin margins. The five stamens protrude from the flower envelope during flowering. There is an ovary with two thread-like scars.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit remains enclosed by the flower cover and falls off with it. The fruit is ovoid when pressed flat, the smooth pericarp surrounds the seed without growing together with it. The horizontal seed is lens-shaped with a blunt edge and measures 0.9 to 1 mm in diameter. The black, shiny seed coat is clearly covered with fine elongated, honeycomb-like pits. The embryo is ring-shaped.

The flowering period extends from June to September. Pollination is usually done by the wind.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18, an investigation also found 2n = 36.

Occurrence

The fig-leaved goosefoot is native to southern Europe and Asia, in central Europe it is an archaeophyte . Occasionally it occurs as far as North Africa and Northern Europe. As an introduced species, it is also common in North America.

It grows in fresh (root crop) fields and in disturbed, nitrogen-rich ruderal areas , for example at garbage dumps, roadsides or banks. From the plain it occurs up to the montane elevation . In the system of plant sociology , it is considered to be a division of the Chenopodion rubri association , with its main occurrence in the Chenopodio-Oxalidetum fontanae

Systematics

The first publication of Chenopodium ficifolium was made in 1800 by James Edward Smith .

Synonyms for Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. Are Anserina ficifolia (Sm.) Montandon , Chenopodium blomianum Aellen , Chenopodium ficifolium var. Albovenosum F.Dvorák , Chenopodium ficifolium subsp. blomianum (eels) eels , Chenopodium ficifolium var. coronatum Beauge , Chenopodium ficifolium var. rubescens (eels) F.Dvorák , Chenopodium ficifolium var. subcymosum ( eels ) F.Dvorák , Chenopodium filifolium croquet. , Chenopodium populifolium Moq. and Chenopodium trilobum Schult. ex Moq. Some authors incorrectly call this species Chenopodium serotinum .

use

The young leaves and flower buds of Chenopodium ficifolium can be cooked as a vegetable like spinach or in soups. Raw leaves should, however, due to content of saponins only be consumed in small amounts. The seeds are also edible and can be roasted and sprinkled over the food as a spice like sesame .

The whole plant can be used as a coloring plant for golden green shades.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 90 . (Sections Description, Occurrence)
  • Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , Chenopodium ficifolium , p. 294 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
  • Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodium . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , Chenopodium ficifolium , pp. 383 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Botanik im Bild / Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol .
  2. ↑ Chenopodium ficifolium at BiolFlor - database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  3. ↑ a b Chenopodium ficifolium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 27, 2012.
  4. ↑ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Chenopodium ficifolium . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  5. ↑ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp.  345 .
  6. ↑ Fig- leaved goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
  7. ↑ James Edward Smith: Flora Britannica. Volume 1, J. White, London 1800, p. 276 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  8. ^ Entry in The Plant List , accessed January 27, 2012.
  9. ↑ a b Chenopodium ficifolium at Plants For A Future . Retrieved January 27, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Fig-Leaved Goosefoot ( Chenopodium ficifolium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files