Israeli television

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The Israeli television has a relatively recent history. On May 2, 1968 , the first general television station in Israel began regular operations. Almost 40 years later, in addition to four public broadcasters , numerous private television companies broadcast.

Shortly after the founding of the state, newspapers and the state radio station Kol Israel were the most important means of communication , but since the 1970s television has advanced to become the most important mass medium in Israeli society. In 2005 just under 91.5 percent of the approximately 2 million Israeli households had at least one television set.

history

The early years of Israeli television

The introduction of Israeli television was long considered controversial among Israelis, especially among strictly Orthodox Jews . As a result, regular television operations started relatively late compared to the countries of Western Europe and North America . Strictly speaking, the first Israeli broadcaster was Israel Education TV , which went on air on March 24, 1966. Regular broadcasting of Israeli television, under the supervision of the Israel Broadcasting Authority , began two years later. On the anniversary of Israeli independence , May 2, 1968, the newly founded channel HaTelevizia HaYisraelit ( Israeli Television ), which has been referred to as Aruz 1 (= Channel 1 ) since 1994 , began broadcasting.

Against the background of resistance from religious groups, Israeli television observed the Sabbath in the early years and refrained from broadcasting TV programs on that day.

On January 13, 1981, color television was officially introduced . Before that, some broadcasts, such as the visit of Egyptian President Anwar as-Sadat to Israel in 1977, the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 , as well as some foreign productions were broadcast in color.

The start of private television

In 1990 the Knesset decided to establish the Second Authority for Television and Radio, paving the way for private television stations to emerge in Israel.

In November 1993, Aruz 2, the first commercial Israeli TV broadcaster, began broadcasting. The transmitter can be received both via satellite and terrestrial. A legislative reform from 2000 created the possibility of creating another freely accessible private broadcaster under the supervision of the Second Authority for Television and Radio . This second private operator ( Aruz 10 ) went on air in 2002.

In addition to these freely available commercial TV channels, the cable provider HOT and the satellite service Yes, which was founded in 1998, offer the option of receiving other chargeable channels.

TV channel

Public broadcasters

There are 4 public television channels in Israel. In addition to the since 1968 sending Aruz 1 and mostly in Arabic transmitted Aruz 33 these are the educational channel Israel Education TV and the Knesset Channel , which reports on events in the Knesset, the Israeli parliament.

Commercial providers

In addition to these public broadcasters, there are two freely available private broadcasters in Israel : Aruz 2 and Aruz 10 ( Hebrew : ערוץ 10, Arutz Eser ). These are financed exclusively from advertising income and are supervised by the Second Authority for Television and Radio , founded in 1990 .

Pay TV

In 2005, with 1.4 million subscribers, almost 69 percent of Israeli households had access to pay-TV. The only companies operating on the Israeli pay-TV market are the cable operator HOT with almost 1 million customers and the satellite service Yes with 400,000 subscribers.

Broadcasting

Terrestrial

In Israel, only the public broadcaster Aruz 1 and the country's largest private broadcaster, Aruz 2 , broadcast terrestrially .

Cable television

Israeli cable television , which is operated by the company HOT , has a reach of 97 percent of all households. With almost 1 million subscribers in 2004, almost half of all households in Israel had a cable connection. In 2001, Israeli cable television switched from analog to digital . The cable provider HOT has also been offering its customers a video on demand service since 2005 .

Originally there were three regional cable providers in Israel : Matav , Tevel and Golden Channels . These companies had been striving for a merger since the end of the 1990s , but this was initially prevented by the Israeli authorities, as the monopoly of such a group feared negative effects for the newly created satellite service Yes . After the establishment of Yes , the Israeli government decided in July 2000 to deregulate the cable TV market. This enabled the three cable providers to achieve the desired merger. As a result, on August 18, 2003, the merger and formation of HOT took place .

Satellite television

In 2004, the satellite service Yes was used by around 400,000 Israeli households. The company Yes , which was founded in 1998, began in July 2000 with the transmit mode. In addition to the freely available public and commercial channels, Yes, like the cable provider HOT , offers numerous other domestic and foreign TV channels.

The Israeli television satellites Amos 1 and Amos 2 are used to transmit the television signals .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Central Bureau of Statistics: Statistical Abstract of Israel 2007 , p. 296.
  2. ↑ Yuval Elizur: Israeli Television and the National Agenda.Retrieved October 18, 2007.
  3. ↑ FROM THE ARCHIVES - A BRIEF HISTORY OF RADIO IN THE COUNTRY ( Memento of the original from March 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Access date: October 18, 2007.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.israelradio.org
  4. ↑ FROM THE ARCHIVES - A BRIEF HISTORY OF RADIO IN THE COUNTRY ( Memento of the original from March 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Access date: October 18, 2007.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.israelradio.org
  5. ↑ Yuval Elizur: Israeli Television and the National Agenda.Retrieved October 18, 2007.
  6. ^ Second Israeli Broadcasting Authority.Retrieved October 18, 2007.
  7. ^ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications in Israel 2006 (PDF; 1.4 MB) p. 9, accessed on October 18, 2007.
  8. ↑ Central Bureau of Statistics: Statistical Abstract of Israel 2007 , p. 296.
  9. ↑ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications Industry & Market in Israel (PDF; 375 kB) p. 17, accessed on October 18, 2007.
  10. ^ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications in Israel 2006 (PDF; 1.4 MB) p. 9, accessed on October 18, 2007.
  11. ↑ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications Industry & Market in Israel (PDF; 375 kB) p. 17, accessed on October 18, 2007.
  12. ^ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications in Israel 2006 (PDF; 1.4 MB) p. 9, accessed on October 18, 2007.
  13. ^ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications in Israel 2006 (PDF; 1.4 MB) p. 9, accessed on October 18, 2007.
  14. ↑ Israel Ministry of Communication: Telecommunications Industry & Market in Israel (PDF; 375 kB) p. 17, accessed on October 18, 2007.