Antoine Ferrein

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Antoine Ferrein

Antoine Ferrein (born October 25, 1693 in Frespech / Agen ( Lot-et-Garonne ), † February 28, 1769 in Paris ) was a French medic, anatomist and surgeon.

Live and act

He was the son of Antoine Ferrein and Françoise d'Elprat, both members of old families from the Agenais region .

He began his school education at the Jesuit College ( Jésuites du collège ) in Agen , where he dealt with theological, mathematical and legal questions from 1706 to 1712. Then in 1713, he left Agens for Cahors for further education. Here he worked on at the same time to 1714 with law, theology, and later extensively with the medicine, because by reading the main work De motu animalium of Giovanni Alfonso Borelli decided Ferrein Medicine study.

He began his medical studies in 1715 at the University of Montpellier , where he received a bachelor's degree two years later . Family reasons forced him to interrupt further studies. So he paused to settle in Provence . In Marseille he gave private lessons in anatomy, physiology, but also in surgery. His skill was quickly recognized by the medical community in Marseille and he was entrusted with teaching pathology both at the Hôtel-Dieu de Marseille hospital and at the surgeon school of the hospital for convicts ( hôpital des forçats ). But he also taught surgery. Starting in 1717, Ferrein and François Pourfour du Petit developed a star stitch technique known as boutonnière (buttonhole) .

He later returned to Montpellier , perfecting his surgical skills and medical knowledge. On September 27, 1728 he received his doctorate in medicine.

In 1732 he was appointed professor of anatomy at the University of Montpellier and he took a position as chief physician of the army ( chef des hôpitaux militaires ). In his function as anatomy professor, he represented Jean Astruc as a suppléant at times . He pursued these tasks until 1733. As a senior medical officer, he accompanied the French troops' campaign in Italy from 1733 to 1735. 1735 was involved in control measures during an epidemic in the Vexin region .

Although they wanted to set up a third chair for anatomy for him in order to keep him for the tasks as professor of anatomy at the University of Montpellier, he rejected these changes and moved his new place of work to Paris . In Paris he was made a licentiate at the medical faculty in 1738 and then in 1741 a chair in anatomy at the Académie des sciences . A year later he became professor of medicine and surgery at the Collège de France .

In 1741 he examined the structure of the larynx and found a connection between the size of the glottis and the volume of the voice . He compared the vocal folds with the strings of a violin and coined the term cordes vocales . Ferrein reviewed and modified Dodart's theory of voice training. According to Ferrein, the lips of the glottis form two true "vocal cords". Sounds arise solely from the vibrations of these cordes vocales , which are generated by the flow of exhaled breath.

In 1742 he was appointed professor of surgery at the Faculté de médecine de Paris , three years later in 1745 he also took over the chair of pharmacy. He was also commissioned in 1751 to teach anatomy and surgery at the Jardin du Roi .

Two years before his death, he lost his memory and his mental faculties were weakened. He died February 28, 1769, after suffering a stroke . He was buried in Paris in the church of Saint-André-des-Arts .

Honors

Various anatomical eponyms were dedicated to Antoine Ferrein in their names:

Works (selection)

  • Sur la structure du foie et sur ses vaisseaux (1733)
  • De la formation de la voix de l'homme (1741) consultable en ligne
  • Observations sur de nouvelles artères et veines lymphatiques (1744) online
  • Sur les mouvements de la mâchoire inférieure (1744) online
  • Sur les mouvements des deux mâchoires (1744)
  • Rapport de Buffon, Mairan et Ferrein sur la méthode de Pereire (1749) online
  • Sur la structure des viscères nommés glanduleux et particulièrement sur celle des reins et du foie (1749) online
  • Traité des maladies des yeux (1759) consultable en ligne
  • Mémoire sur l'inflammation des viscères du bas ventre (1766)
  • Mémoire sur le véritable sexe de ceux qu'on appelle hermaphrodites (1767)
  • Course de médecine pratique (1769)
  • Matière médicale extraite des meilleurs auteurs, et principalement du traité des médicamens de M. de Tournefort, et des leçons de M. Ferrein (1770)
  • Eléments de chirurgie pratique (1771)

literature

  • Jean Eugène Dezeimeris: Dictionnaire historique de la médecine anicenne et modern. Tome 2, première partie. Béchet jeune, Paris (1838)
  • Édouard Fournié: Physiology de la voix et de la parole. Adrien Delahaye, Paris (1866)
  • Villey, R .; Brunet, F .; Valette, G; et al .: Histoire de la Médicine, de la Pharmacie, de l'Art Dentaire Vétérinaire. Albin Michel-Laffont-Tchou, Paris (1978)
  • Denis Dodart : Memoire sur la vois de l'homme et ses differents tons. Paris (1725)
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Ferrein, Antoine. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 394.

Web links

Wikisource: Antoine Ferrein  - Sources and full texts (French)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Biography of MD Grmek, Encyclopedia.com, online
  2. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek ; Bernhard D. Haage; Gundolf Keil; Wolfgang Wegner (Ed.): Encyclopedia Medical History. Gruyter (2004) ISBN 3-11-015714-4 p. 394
  3. ^ Aloys Henning: On the eye operations on the cantor and on the archdeacon of St. Thomas in Leipzig, Johann Sebastian Bach and Christoph Wolle. In: Würzburger medical history reports 17, 1998, pp. 227–250; here: pp. 237 and 240 f.
  4. ↑ JR Marboutin: Antoine Ferrein. Revue de l'Agenais, 61: 309–311 (1934)
personal data
SURNAME Ferrein, Antoine
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ferrein, Antonius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor and anatomist
DATE OF BIRTH October 25, 1693
PLACE OF BIRTH Frespech ( Lot-et-Garonne )
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1769
Place of death Paris