Filipp Sergejewitsch Oktjabrski

Filipp Oktjabrski

Filipp Sergeyevich Oktyabrsky ( Russian Филипп Сергеевич Октябрьский , real birth name Иванов (Ivanov), born October 11, ^jul. / 23. October  1899 ^greg. Village Luschino, District Subzow , † 8. July 1969 in Sevastopol ) was a Soviet admiral and commander of the Black Sea Fleet .

Life

Filipp Ivanov was born in 1899 in the village of Maloje Bogojavlenje (later Lukshino in the Stariza district) as the son of Sergei Ivanovich and Praskovya Vasilyevna Ivanov. The peasant family had three sons and two daughters; it was impossible to feed all the members on the small property, because the father and older sons worked in the town during the winter. The young Filipp Sergejewitsch worked as a shepherd in the house of a landowner for five years and therefore only completed four classes at a rural school. In 1915 he moved to Schluisselburg to find a job in the Imperial Navy in Saint Petersburg . He worked as a stoker of the flotillas on Lake Ladoga , the Swir and Neva flotilla.

Early service in the Navy

In December 1918 he signed up as a volunteer in the Baltic Fleet and in 1919 became a member of the Communist Party . From November 1918 to June 1919 he served as a stoker on the mail ship "Ozilia" ("Azilia"), until October 1919 on another transporter. Between 1919 and 1920 Ivanov graduated from the machine school of the Baltic Fleet. From June to November 1920 he served as a stoker on the steamer "Ocean". Then he became a machinist in the Northern Fleet , served on the auxiliary cruiser "Lieutenant Schmidt" and fell ill with typhus . He spent his recovery during the Kronstadt mutiny in the local naval hospital. Filipp Ivanov was then assigned to the ship "Gangut" as a machinist, where he served from August to October 1921. From October 1921 he was given the opportunity to study, with 25 other people he was sent to Petrograd Communist University, where in 1922 he completed leadership courses for use in the political administration of the Baltic Fleet. In October 1924 he changed his previous family name Ivanov in honor of the October Revolution to Oktyabrsky. In 1928 he graduated from the Frunze Naval Academy. He was then assigned to the Baltic Fleet, then to the Black Sea Fleet, he led torpedo boats and destroyers, and finally a ship division. From February 1938 he was in command of the small Amur flotilla .

Leader of the Black Sea Fleet

From March 25, 1939, he succeeded Admiral IS Jumaschew as commander of the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol. Promoted to Vice Admiral on May 21, 1941 , he was responsible for the sea transport of military equipment and personnel to the coastal towns besieged by German troops during the Great Patriotic War . First he strengthened the Defense of the Coast Army (General Grigory Sofronov) in the defense of Odessa against the Romanian 4th Army . In the final phase of the siege, in October 1941, he led the evacuation of the outnumbered defense forces. As commander of the Black Sea Fleet, he was also responsible for the defense zone of the war port of Sevastopol, which is now threatened by the German 11th Army . In May 1942 he was also involved in the evacuation of the Kerch peninsula by General Petrov's coastal army . The Soviet historian AV Nemenko accused him of complete incompetence and lack of foresight in leadership, which led to great losses in the evacuation of Crimea . During the evacuation of the Kerch peninsula, in his panic, he is said to have not taken into account the stormy weather conditions at sea, which drowned thousands of people. A large number of the lost ships and crews fell victim to their own minefields during the haphazard evacuation.

On April 23, 1943 he was replaced by Admiral Lev Anatoljewitsch Vladimirsky from the High Command of the Navy after the failure of the landing near Novorossiysk and transferred to the reserve of the Führer. In October 1943 he was reappointed commander of the Amur flotilla, but came back as commander of the Black Sea Fleet on March 28, 1944 and was promoted to admiral on April 10 . The later naval historian Captain 1st rank VV Schigin also denounced Oktjabrski's repeated inactivity during the evacuation of the Crimea by the German troops.

post war period

After the war he remained in command of the Black Sea Fleet until November 18, 1948. From November 1948 to January 1951 he was deputy commander in the Soviet Navy. In 1952 he retired due to illness. From April 1952 to November 1953 he was head of scientific test facilities; and from 1957 to 1960 he was in command of the Nakhimov Higher Naval School in Sevastopol. On February 20, 1958, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet awarded him the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his services in the World War . In September 1960 he became an advisor to the Department of Defense Inspectors General . He was elected a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union . He died in July 1969 in the city of Sevastopol and was buried there.

Awards

• Order of Lenin (3)
• Order of the Red Banner (3)
• Order of Ushakov 1st class (2)
• Nachimoworden 1st class
• Suvorovorden 2nd class
• Order of the Red Star
• Medal of Defense of Odessa
• Medal of Defense of Sevastopol

literature

• RF Oktjabrskaja: Storm Years - The Story of Admiral FS Oktjabrski , Kiev 1989.

Web links

• Biographies in hrono (Russian)
• Biography on www.warheroes (Russian)