François-Vincent Raspail

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Francois Raspail

François-Vincent Raspail (born January 25, 1794 in Carpentras , † January 7, 1878 in Arcueil ) was a French botanist, chemist, medical writer and politician. He is considered a pioneer in histology and especially histochemistry. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Raspail ”.

Life

Raspail studied law in Paris from 1816 and medicine from 1822 (without a degree). He also published political articles and was politically active as a republican since the July Revolution of 1830 and was therefore imprisoned under Louis-Philippe I for over two years. He was also involved in the 1848 revolution , was French presidential candidate for the Socialists in 1848 and founded the magazine L'ami du Peuple (after he had previously published a magazine Reformer in 1834 ). In 1849 he was sentenced to six years in prison for political reasons. In 1853 his sentence was commuted into exile and he remained in Belgium until 1862. In 1869 he was a member of the National Assembly for Lyon and in 1875 for Marseille .

He was an early proponent of cell theory in France and, like Rudolf Virchow in Germany, propagated that cells only arise from cells. Raspail was one of the pioneers of studying plants with the microscope , which he developed himself further. In 1825 he used the reaction of iodine with starch, known since 1814, as a staining agent for histological examinations of plant seeds and soon afterwards introduced other histological staining methods. Also in 1825, he introduced the freezing of tissue to perform histological sections . He also campaigned for medical hygiene (inspired by observations in prison) and the use of antiseptics , especially camphor , which he touted as a panacea and successfully sold in all kinds of preparations. However, he was against the law because he was not licensed to practice medicine. In 1846 he was charged for this in court, but got away with a small fine.

In 1878 he died of pneumonia.

Honors

The plant genus Raspalia Brongn is named after him . from the family of the Bruniaceae . A boulevard in Paris was named after him in 1913 and a metro station after it.

Fonts

  • Essai de chimie microscopique 1830
  • Nouveau système de chimie organique fondé sur les nouvelles méthodes d'observation. Paris 1833.
  • Lettres sur les Prisons de Paris 1839
  • Médecine des familles, ou méthode hygiénique et curative par les cigarettes de camphre, les camphatières hygiéniques, l'eau sédative, etc. 6e édition. Collas, Paris 1845 Digitized by Gallica
  • Revue élémentaire de Médecine et Pharmacie domestiques, ainsi que des sciences, accessories et usuelle. Mises à la portée de tout le monde.
  • Histoire naturelle de la santé et de la maladie chez les végétaux et chez les animaux en général, et en particulier chez l'homme. 3 volumes, Paris 1843; 3. Edition:
  • Appel urgent au concours des hommes éclairés de toutes les professions contre les emprisonnements industriels ou autres qui compromettent de plus en plus la santé publique et l'avenir des générations . Paris - Bruxelles 1863 Digitized by Gallica
  • Nouvelles études scientifiques et philologiques, 1861-1864. Paris - Bruxelles 1864 Digitized archive.org

literature

  • J. Wagner: Raspail, Paris: Hachette 1939
  • G. Duveau: Raspail, Presses Universitaires de France 1948
  • Dora B. Weiner: Raspail, Scientist and Reformer, Columbia University Press 1968
  • Daniel Ligou: François-Vincent Raspail, ou le bon usage de la prison, Paris, J. Martineau, 1968.
  • G. Androutsos: Raspail (1794-1878), un grand vulgarisateur de la médecine et ses ponts de vues urologiques originaux, Histoire des Sciences medicales 40, 2006, 171-176
  • Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach : Raspail, François-Vincent. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1214.

Web links

Commons : François-Vincent Raspail  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ dla.library: University of Pennsylvania, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, 2012 April 3: FV Raspail: Sa Vie: Opuscules divers .
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Raspail, François-Vincent
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Raspail (botanical author abbreviation)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French botanist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1794
PLACE OF BIRTH Carpentras
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1878
Place of death Arcueil