Francesco Bandini Piccolomini
Francesco Bandini Piccolomini (* 1500 in Siena , † 1588 in Tivoli ) was a Catholic archbishop.
biography
Bandini, the son of Sallustio and Montanina Piccolomini Todeschini, came from an important Sienese family. Among his close relatives there were the Piccolomini Popes Pius II and Pius III. also Pope Paul III. Farnese. From childhood he was marked by the prestige of his mother's family and by the influence of his uncle Cardinal Giovanni Piccolomini , his mother's brother and Archbishop of Siena. These inextricable ties led him to join the consorteria Piccolomini with his brothers .
He had a good literary education but did not take any real academic classes. In 1525 he participated in the founding of the Accademia degli Intronati in Siena and was given the pseudonym Scaltrito . At the age of thirteen he came under the influence of his uncle Cardinal Giovanni, who gave him the opportunity to add the surname Piccolomini, which Francesco adopted for himself and his family. Since the bond with his family was very strong, he did not want to give up the family coat of arms. The cardinal gave him the opportunity to call himself piccolomineo .
He was torn between choosing a worldly life to which he was more drawn and a clerical life to which his uncle wanted to introduce him. In 1529, after the devastating turmoil of the Sacco di Roma , the cardinal decided to reduce his attendance and, by resigning, gave his archdiocese of Siena to his nephew, hastily ordaining him a priest. Francesco, once again unsure of his choice, accepted episcopal ordination ten years later, in 1538 after the death of his uncle and after he had received full ownership of the diocese. During this time he did not renounce political activities to preserve the freedom of the Republic of Siena, which was becoming more and more precarious in the international equilibrium of the time. Although he was Charles V's ambassador , he gradually came into conflict with imperial interests. This refusal was clearly confirmed when the emperor refused to receive him on a mission to Siena in 1546. Such irreparably broken relationships cost him the cardinal's purple in the consistory of 1551.
After eliminating any interruption, he took an active part in the wars against the Spaniards, supported by the elders of the republic who supported the cause of Siena with the armed forces. Because of his determined participation in the political life of the republic, he dealt only marginally with his archbishopric and ecclesiastical work. Nevertheless, at the urging of Cardinal Cervini, Sienese and future Pope Marcellus II , he took part in the Council of Trent . More than once he missed a session to attend to his interests at home, and thereby missed a clear opportunity for a fresh start in church life offered by the future Pope. After the end of the war he defended the Republic of Siena, which had withdrawn to Montalcino together with his comrades in arms and closest allies. With the death of his brother Mario , he left his lost home forever and only returned for a short period.
Then he moved to Rome, where he lived for almost thirty years. For a long time he was the guest of the Cardinals of Este , Ippolito and Luigi and set up his residence in the Villa of Montecavallo in Rome (today the Quirinal Palace ). Later, still a guest of the cardinals, he established his residence in the Villa d'Este in Tivoli. Meanwhile well introduced to the world of Roman society, he had a palace built in Tivoli with a large Italian garden and a monumental portal , which is attributed to Sebastiano Serlio . He received the governorate of Rome and held various offices in the Roman Curia and the Church. In 1575, resigned and exhausted by the events, he tried to reconcile with the Medici and crown Johanna of Austria as Grand Duchess of Tuscany . In the following years, with the appointment of Pope Paul IV and with the support of his nephews Ascanio and Alessandro Piccolomini, he held an uninterrupted series of diocesan synods on the application of the council decrees until his death in 1588. From a bibliographical point of view, however, he left no visible trace of his work.
From a cultural point of view, however, he did not fail to preserve his shrewd memory. In 1571, following the example of his old Sienese academy, he founded the Accademia degli Agevoli , which soon became a training center for ideas, studies and knowledge. It still exists, although the name has changed. He was buried in St. Peter's Basilica , near the tomb of the two Piccolomini popes.
literature
- Carla Zarrilli: Agnese Farnese . In: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - . Rome 1995 (Italian).
- Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani (ed.): Famiglia Bandini . (Italian, (fasc. 5058)).
- D'Addario: Il Problema Senese nella Storia Italiana della prima metà del cinquecento (La guerra di Siena) . Florence-Empoli 1958 (Italian).
- Giuseppe Alberigo: Francesco Bandini Piccolomini . In: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . Rome 1963 (Italian, treccani.it ).
- Camillo Pierattini: Tivoli dall'Accademia degli Agevoli alla Società Tiburtina passando per gli Arcadi Sibillini (sec.XVI-XX) . (Italian, Articolo on line su Società Tiburtina di Storia ed Arte).
- Ferruti F .: I rapporti artistici e culturali tra Roma e Tivoli nella seconda metà del Cinquecento . In: academia.edu (Ed.): Atti e Memorie della Società Tiburtina di Storia e d'Arte . May 3, 2008 (Italian).
Web links
credentials
- ^ Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani, Blasoni delle famiglie toscane.
- ^ A b Giuseppe Alberigo : Bandini Piccolomini, Francesco. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 5: Bacca-Baratta. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1963.
- ↑ Alessandro Sozzini, Diario delle cose avvenute in Siena: dai 20 luglio 1550 ai 28 giugno 1555.
- ↑ Ferruti F., I rapporti artistici e culturali tra Roma e nella seconda metà Tivoli del Cinquecento.
- ↑ Camillo Pierattini: A Tivoli dall'Accademia degli agli Agevoli Arcadi Sibillini . In: Eruditi e letterati del Lazio, “Lunario Romano 1989” . tape 18 . Fratelli Palombi Editori, Rome 1988, p. 63-81: 66 (Italian).
- ↑ Renato Gentili, "Breuissima et vtilissima istruttione del modo che ha da tener il cortegiano, o cittadino, per sapersi rettamente, & conuenientemente gouernare nelle corti, o nella sua Città.
- ^ Società Tiburtina di Storia e d'Arte .
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Giovanni Cardinal Piccolomini (1503-1529) |
Archbishop of Siena 1529–1588 |
Ascanio I. Piccolomini (1588–1597) |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bandini Piccolomini, Francesco |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bandini, Francesco |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | archbishop |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1500 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Siena |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1588 |
| Place of death | Tivoli |