Mario Bandini Piccolomini

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Coat of arms of Mario Bandini Piccolomini

Mario Bandini Piccolomini (* around 1500 in Siena , † June 13, 1558 in Montalcino ) was an Italian politician.

biography

His father Sallustio Bandini, like his mother Montanina Piccolomini, came from an important and influential Sienese family. His mother's close relatives included Popes Pius II and Pius III. also Pope Paul III. Farnese. From childhood he was marked by the prestige of his mother's family and the influence of his uncle Cardinal Giovanni , his mother's brother and Archbishop of Siena. These inextricable ties led him to join the Piccolomini consorteria with his brother Francesco , combining his own coat of arms with that of his maternal ancestors and adding the surname Piccolomini to that of the Bandini family, thus establishing the Bandini Piccolomini branch in 1526 .

In addition to the political and economic advantages resulting from the past mentioned above, he was also the eldest son of an old and powerful Sienese family. He inherited the rule of Castiglioncello from his father and a huge fiefdom in the area of ​​the Massa di Maremma , where the family owned large areas of land and owed their wealth to the exploitation of silver and copper mines in this area. In his youth he had to helplessly watch the tyranny of the family of Pandolfo Petrucci , who came to power in Siena after the long and arduous internal struggles. The main fighting was between the Ghibellines , the Noveschi and the Guelphs .

The victory of Porta Camollia - 1527
Pandolfo Petrucci comes to Siena (Porta di Fontebranda) - 1487

A circumstance that increased Bandini's fear of freedom, both in family relationships and in the Sienese youth in general. He entered the supreme magistrate at a young age, as was customary among the aristocrats of the time. Unlike other young people, he took an active part in the political life of the republic. As the former Chancellor of the Balìa , he took part in the head of the armed uprising in 1524, which drove Fabio, the mediocre heir to Pandolfo, and thus ousted both the Petrucci and the Noveschi from the republic. An episode which, along with other bloody events that occurred against the Guelph forces in the following months, earned him the personal hostility of Pope Clement VII , who, together with the Florentines and the Noveschi in exile, organized an army against the Sienese . After the allies, which were far superior in number , had occupied the coastal fortifications of the republic, Talamone and Orbetello , they now threatened Siena. The war was unexpectedly waged at the expense of the Republic of Florence, which suffered a heavy defeat at Porta di Camollia. Since the bandini had an increasing influence in the garrison of the city, Mario took part resolutely on this occasion by taking over the command of a company of armed Lucignanese as cavalry captain.

During this period, Mario and his family achieved the highest reputation. In 1526 Charles V appointed him Cavaliere Aurato and awarded him the title of Count Palatine . The Republic later allowed him to purchase the Marsiliana fief , which was confiscated from the rebellious sons of Petrucci. Bandini, who after these successful years became one of the most powerful men in Siena, had to watch the ebb and flow of the republic's decline. The alliance with the imperial family was a failure. Bandini had to follow the return and reintegration of the Noveschi with regret. In addition, Petrucci was replaced by other men sent by the emperor, as agents, as advisors or, alternatively, as commanders-general of the army. People who were nothing more than a kind of viceroy to Charles V. The last in this series was Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza with his tough and repressive government. Bandini continued to hold important military and political positions, both in Siena and abroad. After the failures of the war against the Florentines, he committed himself to restoring the administration and subjugating rebellious vassals at home . Abroad he worked as a diplomatic representative for the Kingdom of Naples , the court of Charles V, the Duchy of Milan and the Papal States . However, his enthusiasm was no longer that of the youth of yore. Gradually he withdrew into private life and took care of the family's economic interests. After the expulsion of the Spaniards, when a new war threatened the country's freedom in 1553, his brother, Archbishop Francesco, asked him to return to political and military life. He belonged to the magistrate of Otto della Guerra and was the last Capitano del Popolo of the Republic of Siena. On the day of his defeat, in a heroic gesture of political importance, he took the public seal, symbol of the power of the republic, into exile instead of handing it over to the Marchese di Marignano , commander of the Medici forces . Declared a rebel by the Medici government, he was in the government and defense of the Repubblica di Siena riparata in Montalcino from 1555 until the day of his death . His property was confiscated and only after the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis of 1559 was it returned to the family.

In addition to his brother Francesco († 1588), the family consisted of four children:

  • Germanico (1532 - † 1569). He became a knight of the Order of the Golden Spur and Count of the Holy Lateran Palace . In 1560 he became Bishop of Corinth .
  • Sallustio (1544 - † 1570). Like his brother, he was a knight of the Order of the Golden Spur and Count of the Holy Lateran Palace. He was also a nobleman of the Grand Duke Cosimo I de 'Medici . He died with no offspring.
  • Montanina (1533 - † approx. 1600), married to Amerigo Amerighi
  • Berenice (1530 - † approx. 1590), married to Alfonso Bardi . Berenice and her sister Montanina were the last surviving descendants of the Bandini Piccolomini. At the behest of her father's brother, her uncle Francesco, Archbishop of Siena, she received the entire family inheritance, with the obligation for her descendants to renounce the surname and coat of arms of the Bardi and to adopt that of the Bandini.

literature

  • Carla Zarrilli: Agnese Farnese . In: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . Rome 1995 (Italian).
  • Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani (ed.): Famiglia Bandini . (Italian, (fasc. 5058)).
  • D'Addario: Il Problema Senese nella Storia Italiana della prima metà del cinquecento (La guerra di Siena) . Florence-Empoli 1958 (Italian).
  • Roberto Cantagalli: Mario Bandini . In: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (Ed.): In Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . Rome 1963 (Italian).
  • Carlo Carnesecchi: La nipote dell'arcivescovo - 1895 . In: Cassa mutua assistenza del personale del Monte Paschi di Siena (ed.): Miscellanea storica senese . tape II . Lalli Editore, Siena 2004 (Italian, reprint).
  • Galgano Bichi: "Famiglie Nobili Esistenti" - Matrimoni . In: Series Manoscritti della biblioteca dell'Archivio di Stato di Siena . (Italian).

Web links

Commons : Piccolomini  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

credentials

  1. ^ Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani, Blasoni delle famiglie toscane.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Roberto Cantagalli: Mario Bandini . In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . tape 5 . Treccani, 1963 ( treccani.it ).
  3. ↑ Alessandro Sozzini, Diario delle cose avvenute in Siena dal 20 luglio 1550 al 28 giugno 1555.
  4. ↑ a b c Vittorio Spreti - Op. cit.
  5. ^ D'Addario: Il Problema Senese nella Storia Italiana della prima metà del Cinquecento (La guerra di Siena) . Florence-Empoli 1958, p. 386 .
  6. ^ Vittorio Spreti - Op. cit.
personal data
SURNAME Bandini Piccolomini, Mario
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bandini, Mario
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian politician
DATE OF BIRTH around 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH Siena
DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1558
Place of death Montalcino