Bandini Piccolomini

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Coat of arms of the Bandini Piccolomini family

The Bandini Piccolomini family , with its prominent personalities, is the continuation of the old and influential Bandini family from Siena . Their representatives were the descendants of Montanina Piccolomini Todeschini, who allowed them to enter the so-called consorteria dei Piccolomini , with the right to add their surnames and insignia.

ancestry

The members of this family were distinguished by important political and administrative functions in the republic from the middle of the 13th century before they belonged to the Piccolomini family.

In particular, they are distinguished by their diplomatic activity, with Bartalo di Tura, the ambassador of the Papal States under Kalixt III. and Pius II was out. His son Pavolo was consistorial lawyer and servant of the Pope. Bandino di Bartolo was the Camerlengo of Biccherna , one of the republic's most respected magistrates.

In the 16th century her last descendant, Sallustio (or Salustio), married Montanina Piccolomini Todeschini, daughter of Andrea and Agnese Farnese , who gave her a noble and refined education. Montanina, carried the blood of three popes, in addition to that of Pius II and Pius III, also that of Paul III. her mother's cousin.

Sallustio and Montanina had several children, the most important of which were Mario and Francesco, who grew up under the protection of their uncle, Cardinal Giovanni .

Adopted by the Piccolomini, they took the surname Bandini Piccolomini and started a family of young ancestry but an intense and historically remarkable life.

history

In the 16th century, this generation of Bandini was confronted with the strong influence of the historical and political events that shaped the last years of the Republic of Siena. In addition, thanks to the close ties the family maintained with the high prelates of the Piccolomini, relations with the papacy were gradually expanded. In this new context, the main representatives, the brothers Mario and Francesco , gradually turned away from the positions in the area around the empire that had traditionally shaped family policy.

Triumphal procession at Porta Camollia - 1527

In particular, Mario, the eldest of the brothers, took part in the political and military events of the Sienese state from an early age. As a member of Monte del Popolo, he played a crucial role in the expulsion of the Petrucci and in restoring the democratic freedoms of the republic to the detriment of the Noveschi, who were dismissed from the government and sent into exile.

This episode provoked the personal animosity of Pope Clement VII . together with the Florentines and the Noveschi, organized an army against the Sienese. The unexpected victory of the Sienese in Camollia , in which Mario took part with a Lucignanese cavalry company, increased his reputation in 1526, to which was added the esteem of the emperor, who elevated him to the rank of Count Palatine and Cavalier Aurato.

In Siena his reputation and authority grew. He was already lord of Castiglioncello and had a huge fiefdom in the area of ​​the Massa Marittima , where the family owned large areas of land and owed their wealth to the exploitation of silver and copper mines in this area. The new political and military successes allowed him to acquire the imposing rule of Marsiliana, which was confiscated from the rebellious sons of Pandolfo Petrucci . At the same time, in 1529, after the resignation of Cardinal Giovanni Piccolomini Todeschini , his brother Francesco was called to the Archbishopric of Siena . A circumstance that has contributed most to raising the family's standing in the interests of the republic.

In the following years the two brothers were fierce persecutors of the Noveschi. Mario in particular, whose loyalty to Charles V was undisputed, repeatedly supported the imperialists against the exiled Sienese and the Republic of Florence in the hope of retaking Montepulciano . However, his expectations were disappointed. The end of the Florentine Republic was the success of Cosimo I , the final loss of Montepulciano and the return of the Noveschi. Thus the political instability in Siena grew enormously together with the internal disturbances and favored the predominant aims of the emperor.

Surrender of the Repubblica di Siena Ritirata in Montalcino in 1559

Mario's involvement in the events of the Republic became more subdued and rare, while his brother Francesco's involvement grew and became more frequent.

Francesco, Mario's younger brother, had gathered the political and cultural interests and passions of the Sienese youth at an early age before he became archbishop . Before he became archbishop, he took part in the founding of the Accademia degli Intronati in 1525 and adopted the pseudonym Scaltrito . In the following years he was always involved in the defense of republican freedoms, against the sovereign goals of the factions of this or that family. In 1541 , under Charles V, the Salvi were excluded from the government and driven into exile. But at the same time, Charles V removed the Capitano del Popolo, Alfonso II Piccolomini of Aragon, Duke of Amalfi , to replace him with Spanish elements. The Archbishop, together with his brother, tried repeatedly with diplomatic missions to dissuade the Emperor from the now obvious intention of driving the Sienese out of the government. While Mario was ambassador at the imperial court for a long time in 1546, he could not regain the imperial favor. Francesco, as archbishop, suffered the shame of not even being received.

After these events, the government of the Republic was entrusted to Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza and Don Ferrante Gonzaga was appointed arbitrator of the disputes between the various factions of the city .

Mario probably withdrew to his rule to take care of the family's economic interests. At the urging of Cardinal Cervini, Francis was taken over by the affairs of the Church by attending the Council of Trent , but he continued to defend, albeit in the background, the city's freedoms. He was identified as one of the participants in the conspiracy and subsequent expulsion of the Spaniards under the leadership of Amerigo Amerighi and Enea Silvio Piccolomini delle Papesse. The fact is that the Bandini Piccolomini played a leading role in the war until the final surrender, signed with the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis .

In 1553, when the conflict with the Imperial and Medici armies flared up again, Mario returned to politics and became one of the judges of the Otto della Guerra. He took part in several military missions. Together with his brother, he forced the block that besieged the city of Siena to provide them with food. On the day of the surrender, the last Capitano del Popolo of Siena refused to give the Marchese di Marignano , commander of the Medici troops, the public seal, a symbol of the state continuity of the republic. He withdrew to the areas of Montalcino where, together with other expellees, he founded the shadow republic Repubblica di Siena riparata in Montalcino and continued the war until 1559.

On June 13th 1558 Mario died of a fever in Montalcino and was buried in the Basilica di San Francesco in Siena.

After the end of the Republic, his brother the Archbishop went into exile and chose as his new home the City of the Popes, where he found the brotherly hospitality of the Cardinals of Este , Ippolito and Luigi. Although he remained the owner of the Archdiocese of Siena, he never returned. He was elected governor of Rome and held various positions in the curia . He died in 1588 and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica , near the graves of the two Piccolomini popes.

Extinction of the family and the succession of the Bardi and then the Naldi Piccolomini

Mario Bandini Piccolomini had two sons, Germanico (1532 - † 1569), who became Bishop of Corinth in 1560 , and Sallustio (1544 - † 1570), who died without descendants. In 1570, therefore, the considerable legacy of the Bandini was concentrated in the hands of the Archbishop. As mentioned earlier, the family entered the Consorteria Piccolomini as a result of the marriage between Montanina Piccolomini Todeschini and Sallustio Bandini. Only the last two daughters of his brother Mario, Berenice and Montanina, remained. Both were married and had offspring.

Coat of arms of the Bandini and the Bandini Piccolomini Coat of arms of the Bandini and the Bandini Piccolomini
Coat of arms of the Bandini and the Bandini Piccolomini

The most logical way would have been to let her and her families join the Consorteria Piccolomini , as her uncle, Cardinal Giovanni Piccolomini Todeschini, wished. But the archbishop came up with a solution that had matured a few years earlier.

His niece Montanina was the widow of her first husband Cerbone Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria at the time . She was supposed to join the convent by order of the prelate to sell the entire estate for the benefit of his brother's other daughter, Berenice. In this way, Montanina had to forego not only her part of the inheritance, but also her worldly life. She did not fully agree with this solution. In love with a friend and family ally, the Cav. Amerigo Amerighi, she decided in 1562 to secretly marry him in stormy and unfavorable conditions for the archbishop and the aristocratic environment that included both spouses. This event was rejected in all respects by Francesco, who cut back on his succession plans. He threatened severe sanctions and ordered the marriage to be annulled .

The Fedecommesso Bandini and the successor Piccolomini Naldi Bandini

A dispute arose which became public with the intervention of the governor of Siena, who informed the Grand Duke. In the end, they followed Montanina's arguments, but their relationship with their uncle was definitely compromised. The prelate simply paid his niece a dowry of more than six thousand guilders. An amount which, when referring to the ladies of their rank, was significantly higher than was customary at the time. However, he stayed with his decision and excluded Montanina from the succession. In order to preserve the continuity of the name, he left the alliance of the Piccolomini and took over the Fedro family, the son of Agostino Bardi and his niece Berenice, who formed a Fedecommesso in which the entire legacy of the Bandini is to be brought together, with the obligation to replace the surname and the coat of arms. In order to avoid legal contradictions, he included in his will an authentic copy of all the bulls with which the archbishop had the authority of the Pope to draw up a will. This conscientious formulation was justified by the fact that the granddaughter, who was excluded when the Fedecommesso was founded, was to be the last of the family to bear the Piccolomini surname and coat of arms. Because of this, it was possible to introduce the new spouse into the covenant. This fact could have compromised the validity of the Fedecommesso and fragmented the legacy of the Bandini family.

Despite all precautions, two centuries later the Archbishop's expectations were not met, albeit in a different way.

In 1777, the archdeacon Giuseppe, the last bandini of the Berenice branch, died and he opened the succession in the Fedecommesso. The Archbishop had named the Piccolomini family as an alternative beneficiary. The alliance chose a descendant of the second-born line of the Salamoneschi, Flavio, who had taken the surname Naldi Piccolomini due to the marriage of his grandfather Niccolò to Barbara Naldi. To do the will of the testator, he would have to give up the alliance, the surname and the coat of arms of Naldi Piccolomini in order to accept that of the bandini. If the Fedecommesso clauses were not complied with, the inheritance would have had a different beneficiary, not least the archiepiscopal canteen in Siena. Flavio, who did not come from a family with great wealth, decided, as decided by the family assembly, to succeed and secure the Bandini inheritance. With the abolition of the institution of the Fedecommesso, which took place at the end of the 18th century, Flavio's descendants, who no longer had connections that could endanger the heritage, had been given the opportunity by the council to use the family name and emblem of the Piccolomini to the detriment of the Bandini regardless of the archbishop's will to accept again. A new family line was created with the surname Piccolomini Naldi Bandini.

Over the course of two centuries, the Bandini family, from Berenice and Fedro Bardi, produced several famous people, including Sallustio Antonio Bandini , archdeacon, politician and economist. He is credited with inventing a remote payment system, the ancestor of bill of exchange. He left a rich and valuable library to the city of Siena. The Bandini family still exists since in the 18th century a Niccolò, second son of Fedro II, founded the Chiusi branch of the family, which also has descendants in Rome.  

Family history tables

  • Branch of the Piccolomini Salamoneschi

  • Branch of Pius II and the Papesse

  • Branch of the Piccolomini Todeschini - Lords of Giglio and Castiglione della Pescaia

credentials

  1. ↑ Blasoni delle famiglie toscane. Firenze . In: Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani . Archivio di Stato di Firenze.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Vittorio Spreti: Enciclopedia Storico Nobiliare Italiana 1928-1936 . tape V . Anastatica Forni Editore, Bologna 1981, p. 332 (Italian, reprint).
  3. ↑ Famiglia BANDINI (fasc. 5058) ( it ) In: Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani .
  4. ↑ a b c d Roberto Cantagalli:  Bandini, Mario. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 5:  Bacca-Baratta. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1963.
  5. ↑ a b c d Vittorio Spreti - Op. cit. Vol. VII, p. 271
  6. ↑ The ordination was accepted by Francis ten years later, in 1938.
  7. ↑ a b c Giuseppe Alberigo:  Bandini Piccolomini, Francesco. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 5:  Bacca-Baratta. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1963.
  8. ↑ Gaspare De Caro:  Amerighi, Amerigo. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 2:  Albicante – Ammannati. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1960.
  9. ↑ Extraordinary judicial activity with monitoring and protective tasks for the security of the republic, which was established in the same way as that of the republic of Florence.
  10. ^ D'Addario: Il Problema Senese nella Storia Italiana della prima metà del cinquecento (La guerra di Siena) . Firenze-Empoli 1958, p. 386 (Italian).
  11. ↑ Ferruti F .: I rapporti artistici e culturali tra Roma e nella seconda metà Tivoli del Cinquecento . In: Atti e Memorie della Società Tiburtina di Storia e d'Arte . tape LXXXI , no. 1 , 2008, p. 26-28 (Italian, academia.edu ).
  12. ↑ Camillo Pierattini: A Tivoli dall'Accademia degli agli Agevoli Arcadi Sibillini . In: Eruditi e letterati del Lazio, “Lunario Romano 1989” . tape 18 . Fratelli Palombi Editori, Rome 1988, p. 63-81 (Italian).
  13. ↑ Carlo Carnesecchi, Vol. II, pp. 170-174 Transcription ( it ) Storia d'amore fra Montanina ed Amerigo ( it ) basketsiena.it.
  14. ↑ Galgano Bichi: Famiglie Nobili Esistenti "- Matrimoni . In: Series Manoscritti della biblioteca dell'Archivio di Stato di Siena . (Italian, wikimedia.org ).
  15. ↑ Rosalia Tornabene: Dote, matrimonio e vita coniugale a Viterbo, nel XV Secolo. In: Rivista . No. 1-2 . Biblioteca di Viterbo, 2000, p. 8 (Italian, yumpu.com ).
  16. ^ Vittorio Spreti - Op. cit. Vol. VII, pp. 270, 271
  17. ^ Vittorio Spreti - Op. cit. Vol. V, p. 336.

literature

  • Carla Zarrilli: Agnese Farnese . Ed .: Ed. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (=  Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ). Rome 1995 (Italian).
  • Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Raccolta Ceramelli Papiani, Famiglia Bandini (fasc. 5058) . (Italian).
  • D'Addario: Il Problema Senese nella Storia Italiana della prima metà del cinquecento (La guerra di Siena) . Florence-Empoli 1958 (Italian).
  • Giuseppe Alberigo: Francesco Bandini Piccolomini . Ed .: Ed. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (=  Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ). Rome 1963 (Italian).
  • Roberto Cantagalli: Mario Bandini . Ed .: Ed. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da Giovanni Treccani (=  Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani ). Rome 1963 (Italian).
  • Camillo Pierattini: Tivoli dall'Accademia degli Agevoli alla Società Tiburtina passando per gli Arcadi Sibillini (sec.XVI-XX) . (Italian, Articolo on line su Società Tiburtina di Storia ed Arte).
  • Carlo Carnesecchi: La nipote dell'arcivescovo - 1895 . In: Miscellanea storica senese . Vol. II. Lalli Editore, Siena 2004 (Italian, google.it - Cassa mutua assistenza del personale del Monte Paschi di Siena).
  • Galgano Bichi: Series Manoscritti della biblioteca dell'Archivio di Stato di Siena ("Famiglie Nobili Esistenti" - Matrimoni) . (Italian).
  • Rosalia Tornabene: Dote, matrimonio e vita coniugale a Viterbo, nel XV Secolo. Rivista 2000 1-2. Biblioteca di Viterbo . tape XXXIX , no. 1-2 , June 2000 (Italian, bibliotecaviterbo.it [PDF]).
  • Ferruti F .: I rapporti artistici e culturali tra Roma e Tivoli nella seconda metà del Cinquecento . In: academia.edu (Ed.): Atti e Memorie della Società Tiburtina di Storia e d'Arte . May 3, 2008 (Italian).

Web links

Commons : Piccolomini  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files