Piccolomini Todeschini

Piccolomini Todeschini
Et Deo et hominibus
Silver, with a blue cross with 5 golden moons on it
Country	Republic of Siena, Papal States, Kingdom of Naples, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
title	Patrizi di Siena, Conti del Sacro Romano Impero, Conti Palatini
founder	Laudomia Piccolomini and Nanni Todeschini
founding	15th century

The Piccolomini Todeschini , are a branch of the old Piccolomini family.

The origin

This line comes from Laudomia , one of the two sisters of Enea Silvio Piccolomini . The pontiff took her husband Nanni Todeschini von Sarteano into the family union. Todeschini adopted the Piccolomini coat of arms and put the surname Piccolomini before his own. In 1460 he became governor of Umbria on behalf of the Church . In addition to Francesco, the later Pope Pius III. , he had three other sons, of whom Andrea founded the branch of the Piccolomini Todeschini (Lords of Giglio and Castiglione della Pescaia ), Giacomo, that of the Piccolomini di Castiglia e d'Aragona and Antonio, that of the Piccolomini d'Aragona .

Piccolomini Todeschini - branch after Andrea

This branch is the least known. The members were the lords of the island of Giglio and Castiglione della Pescaia . Together with Pius III. they are collectively referred to as Piccolomini Todeschini.

main characters

Andrea Todeschini Piccolomini and Agnese Farnese with their daughter Montanina on a fresco by Pinturicchio

• Andrea (* approx. 1445 - † 1505) He had a different temperament than his brothers Giacomo and Antonio, was not a soldier, and it is very likely that he loved literature. Together with his brother Giacomo he built the Piazza Piccolomini in the city, which became the seat of the State Archives of Siena in the 19th century. His uncle Pope Pius II received for him the rule of Giglio and Castiglion della Pescaia from the King of Naples, Ferrante of Aragon, with the title of Marquese of these lands. King Ferdinand of Spain made him Knight of the Santiagoorden . In 1460 he married Agnese Farnese , the cousin of the later Pope Paul III. His descendants most likely had the highest number of pontiffs.
  Andrea had to face one of the most difficult times in the republic. Belonging to the Monte dei Gentiluomini , like the rest of the family, he faced the overwhelming power of the Noveschi, headed by Pandolfo Petrucci , who aspired to and later became lord of Siena. Andrea had deeply opposing views on him and in the end he was forced to leave Siena to retire to his reign. He had several children from Agnese, one of whom Victoria was forced to marry the son of Pandolfo Petrucci Borghese against the wishes of her now deceased parents . With this action Petrucci wanted to sanction the alliance of the Noveschi with the Gentiluomini and in this way promote the succession of his family in the rule.
  Andrea was, among other things, one of the family's financiers for the frescoes by Pinturicchio in the Piccolomini library . The artist presented us with Enea Silvio, Bishop of Siena, in the picture decoration to Emperor Friedrich III. Eleonora of Aragon , his picture, passed down behind his wife Agnese with the black and white striped bodice and his eldest daughter Montanina in the form of a bridesmaid wearing the clothes of the Aragon princess.

• Giovanni (* 1475 in Siena - † 1537 in Siena). Appointed cardinal by Pope Leo X , he was Archbishop of Siena. During the Sacco di Roma in 1527 he was humiliated by the mercenaries of Charles V, who led him through the city, tied up on the back of a mule. His palace was completely looted. Because of the efforts of the family to provide a third Piccolomini Pope, he withdrew affected by the affair and from then on held smaller positions.

See also : Giovanni Piccolomini

• Montanina (* 1476 in Siena - †?). She had received a fine and cultured education from her mother Agnese Farnese. At the end of the 1490s she married Sallustio Bandini, who belonged to one of the most important families in Siena. They had several children, the most important of which were Mario and Francesco , who were under the protection of their uncle, Cardinal Giovanni, brother of Montanina. Adopted by the Piccolomini, they took the surname Bandini Piccolomini and started a family that was brief but had an intense and historically remarkable life.

See also : Bandini Piccolomini

• Pier Francesco (1478-1525). Little information is available about this family member. Unlike his father, he joined Petrucci and was a great friend and supporter of his brother-in-law Borghese. In 1513 he became Capitano del Popolo in Siena. With his death, this branch of Piccolomini Todeschini died out and his daughter Silvia brought the rule of Giglio and Castiglione della Pescaia to Inigo Piccolomini Todeschini d'Aragona as a dowry.

Pius III - Francesco Todeschini

Pius III 215th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church (1503-1503)

• Francesco (* 1439 in Siena or Sarteano - † 1503 in Rome). From the earliest years his uncle paid special attention to his education. On his travels through Europe he took his young nephew with him, who attended the University of Vienna at the age of fourteen .
  

  Coronation of Pius III
  
  He continued his humanistic and legal studies in Ferrara and Rome with first-class teachers such as Giacomo Tolomei and Andrea Benzi before obtaining his doctorate in Perugia . Immediately after his uncle ascended the papal throne in 1460, at the age of 23, when he was already administrator of the archbishopric diocese of Siena, he was appointed cardinal and began his ecclesiastical career as a deacon, as he was not ordained a priest . Later he was entrusted with numerous prepositions and diaconates at home and abroad, with the subsequent appointment as papal envoy in the march of Ancona . During these years he almost always lived in Rome, where he had acquired a palace that became a splendid seat with a rich library and was furnished with various works of art, especially a rich collection of old statues. When his uncle left Rome in 1464 to prepare for the crusade against the Turks , he was appointed vicar general "in temporalibus", first in Rome and then throughout the Papal States. All of these prerogatives gave a glimpse of careful preparation for a likely successor to Francesco to his uncle's papal throne.
  The sudden and premature death of Pius II took the cardinal and the party of piesco by surprise . The nepotist politics and simony practiced by his uncle had caused much dissatisfaction in the curia. Indeed, after the election of the new Pope, Francesco lost power and was exiled to his hometown.
  

  Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral
  
  His fame as an upright man, his legal and ecclesiastical education, and his fine diplomacy enabled him to gradually come back into play and give him a leading position in mediating the religious schisms that shook Central Europe. His good knowledge of the German language and problems played a leading role in achieving undeniable success. After the death of Pius II, four popes ascended the throne of St. Peter for the next forty years, and the Sienese cardinal was one of the possible candidates at each conclave. He was able to overcome the numerous pitfalls that rocked the Capitoline factions, supported on the one hand by the Spaniards and on the other by the French . The latter did not please him and he always sympathized with the Spanish rulers and the Aragonese dynasty of the Kingdom of Naples. In view of its proven correctness, despite the discrepancies and after a period of violent turbulence, he was named Pope Pius III in 1503 . elected. His precarious health favored his appointment in anticipation of a transitional pension, which unexpectedly lasted only a few days.
  He had a reputation as a gentle and pious man and was known for his honesty and love of art, free from nepotistic temptations and simonia. In recent years he began building the Piccolomini Library, frescoed by Pinturicchio, where, in addition to the important codices inherited from his uncle, he kept his important library, to which others were added later. Thanks to his intervention, the Cathedral of Siena received the Piccolomini altar built by Andrea Bregno and decorated with the statutes of the young Michelangelo . Further commissioned works from Siena, Pienza and Rome are the result of his patronage.
  See also : Pius III.

Piccolomini di Castiglia e d'Aragona - branch after Giacomo Todeschini

Piccolomini di Castiglia e d'Aragona
Et Deo et hominibus
In the first and fourth quarters the coat of arms of Castile and Aragon; in the second and third by Piccolomini
Country	Republic of Siena, Papal States, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
title	Patrizi di Siena, Conti del Sacro Romano Impero, Conti Palatini, Duchi di Montemarciano
founder	Giacomo Todeschini
founding	15th century

Duke of Montemarciano and Lord of Camporsevoli

This branch benefited from the gift of Pius II to his grandson Giacomo: the Duchy of Montemarciano in the Marche and the Lordship of Camporsevoli near Chiusi . The conquest of the papal throne by Sixtus IV from the Della Rovere family made it difficult for the Piccolomini family to manage the fiefs of Montemarciano due to the conflicting interests of these families.

main characters

Giacomo - Conte del Sacro Romano Impero (1458)

• Giacomo (* 1441 - † 1507). By imperial decree of Frederick III. in 1458 he was appointed Count of the SRI. In 1478 Henry IV of Castile allowed him to add Castile and Aragon to the family name. In 1472 he tried with a coup d'état and with the help of outsiders to regain the rule of Senigallia , from which his brother Antonio Piccolomini of Aragon, who was his legitimate master, was expelled immediately after the death of Pope Pius II. In these disputes Pope Sixtus IV finally intervened and granted his seventeen-year-old nephew Giovanni della Rovere the fief against the will of the then Cardinal Francesco Piccolomini (later Pius III). Giacomo barely managed to evade the death sentence that the Pope had imposed on him. Rightly felt this branch of the family. In contrast to his brother Antonio, who was preoccupied with his numerous interests in the Kingdom of Naples, he was betrayed and had never given up the desire to regain this rule, without which Montemarciano was in fact a fortress isolated in hostile territory.

• Antonio Maria (* 1490 - †?). The son of Enea di Giacomo came into conflict with the Papal States after the death of his cousin Cardinal Giovanni from the branch of the Lords of Castiglione della Pescaia and occupied the jurisdiction of the prelate. The bitter dispute began again and in the end Pope Paul III ordered. the return. His son Scipio died in 1608 and founded the Priory of Pisa in the Order of Saint Stephen . He was the last lord of Camporsevoli.

• Alfonso (* approx. 1550 - † 1591 in Florence). Son of Giacomo and nephew of Antonio Maria, was the last Duke of Montemarciano. He went down in history as a notorious bandit.
  

  La foresta della Faiola - site of the last fight of Alfonso Todeschini Piccolomini
  

  Palazzo Piccolomini in Siena, built by Giacomo and Andrea
  
  It seems that the murder of a member of the Baglioni family from Perugia caused the end of the peaceful and cherished life in the Republic of Siena. At the beginning he limited himself to granting asylum to adventurers from the Senigallia and Romagna area in the fortress of Montermarciano. After a series of ups and downs that lasted until 1579, he had to because of the massive intervention of Pope Gregory XIII. abandon deployed forces. His property was confiscated and his family were arrested. It was only with the help of Francesco I de 'Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , that he received papal forgiveness and his status back in 1584. For a while he was in the service of the Republic of Venice , in the war against the Uskoks . However, its stormy nature leads to irreconcilable contradictions with this republic. Later, perhaps fueled by political promises made by the French and Spanish, he took the lead among the discontented who upset the rural areas of Lazio and Siena due to the great famine of 1590. He formed an army composed mainly of poorly trained peasants and easily broken up between papal and mediciners. He managed to escape arrest and continued his raids, joining bandit Marco Sciarra and raging with him in an area that stretched from the Marches to the slopes of Mount Vesuvius . Piccolomini's wrong move took place in the forest of Faiola, not far from Rome and on the way to Naples . Here he came to the aid of his ally Sciarra, who had managed to escape to this place. Not so with Piccolomini, who had a decimated crowd. Hunted and on the run, he was finally captured in a house in Forli . From there he was taken to Florence, where he was executed on January 2, 1591. With Alfonso, the Piccolomini Todeschini of Castile and Aragon died out and the Duchy of Montemarciano became a fiefdom of the Sfondrati , a family of the then Pope Gregory XIV.

Piccolomini d'Aragona - branch after Antonio Todeschini

Piccolomini d'Aragona
Et Deo et hominibus
In the first and fourth quarters Aragon, in the second and third quarters Piccolomini
Country	Republic of Siena, Kingdom of Naples, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Austria, Bohemia
title	Patrizi di Siena, Conti del Sacro Romano Impero, Conti Palatini, Grandi di Spagna, Principi del Sacro Romano Impero e di Nachod, Duchi di Amalfi, Marchesi di Deliceto e Capestrano, Conti di Celano e Gagliano, Baroni di Balsorano, Pescina, Scafati e Carapelle, Principi di Valle e di Maida, Duchi di Laconia, Marchesi di Montesoro, Duchi di Montemarciano
founder	Antonio Todeschini
founding	15th century

Duchi di Amalfi, Marchesi di Deliceto e Capestrano, Conti di Celano e Gagliano, Baroni di Balsorano, Pescina, Scafati e Carapelle

This line, used by Antonio, brother of Pope Pius III. and nephew of Pope Pius II , left an important mark in the family history. " ... his fate clearly differed over time from that of the Sienese family, the other to the typical characteristics of a noble Neapolitan families to meet, whose representatives shared the lifestyle, the methods of asset management and the political fate." . Berardo Candida Gonzaga mentions in his work Memoirs of Noble Families in the Southern Provinces of Italy the Piccolomini among the most important families of the Kingdom of Naples.

main characters

• Antonio (* 1437 in Sarteano 1437 - † 1493 in Naples). After his first years of study in Sarteano , like many other family members, he turned to the arms trade.
  

  Antonio P. d'Aragona
  Under the direction of his uncle Pius II, he looked after the interests of the church in the still fragile Aragonese monarchy of Ferdinand I (Ferrante) of Aragon .
  

  Wall fresco of the coat of arms Piccolomini d'Aragona
  

  The medieval city of Amalfi in the 17th century. In the background the tower of the Piccolomini d'Aragona
  The latter, the son of the late Alfonso V , was preferred by the Pope, who confirmed his right of inheritance in the Neapolitan monarchies against the relatives of the pretender Jean de Lorraine from the House of Anjou . In this situation of political instability and in the need to consolidate the alliance with the papacy , a marriage between Antonio and Maria, daughter of the Aragonese king, was decided. These circumstances opened up new horizons for the Sienese family in the south of the peninsula . The eldest son of Laudomia was made Duke of Amalfi and was able to add Aragon to his surname and add the royal insignia to his coat of arms. In the same year, 1458, he was also appointed Gran Giustiziere of the Kingdom of Naples, and the family became members of the Neapolitan patriciate in the Seggio di Nilo , one of the seven seats in the Sedili di Napoli . Expectations were not disappointed and Piccolomini, with his militias, played a crucial role in the monarchy's takeover of Castellammare di Stabia and Scafati . On August 18, 1462, he took part in the Battle of Troy under the command of Alessandro Sforza and at the head of 2000 infantrymen and 26 equestrian formations . The Angevin rivals of Ferrante I were finally defeated together with the rebellious feudal lords of the kingdom. The antiaragonist movement, the so-called conspiracy of the barons , received a coup de grace from which it could no longer recover. After the victory in Troy, he benefited from the distribution of numerous fiefs that Ferrante gave to the defenders of his cause. In 1463 he received the title of Marquese of Capestrano and Deliceto , the title of Count of Celano and Gagliano , the title of Baron of Balsorano , Pescina and Carapelle ; In 1465 he finally became Baron von Scafati. Simultaneously with these events in 1462, with the constant clashes in the Marche , the Malatesta finally lost the rule of Senigallia to Guido da Montefeltro, who returned it to the Papal States. The then Pope Pius II handed over the rule, together with the rule of Moldavio, to his nephew Antonio. In 1474 Giovanni Della Rovere, nephew of Pope Sixtus IV , took over this fiefdom as the winner of the nepotism games. Piccolomini's interests were now in the Kingdom of Naples, in which the political offices, the administration of the innumerable fiefdoms with, among other things, considerable economic income, occupied him in full. In the peaceful twenty years that followed, he built the castles of Balsorano, Celano and Ortucchio and restored several other of his properties, which he then passed on to his descendants. It should be noted that the figure of Antonio has an exemplary meaning. Unique in his entire family, he showed a great sensitivity to the Amalfi manufacturing industry . Due to his activity in the Sienese area and also in the policy established by Alfonso V of Aragon , he imported masters from various places on the peninsula who were able to promote the construction of various workshops. First there was wool processing "according to the custom of Siena and Florence", as well as several fulling mills and dye works in the area of ​​Amalfi: in Scala , Pontone , Ravello , Strani and Maiori . He renewed the pre-industrial ironworks that already existed in Amalfi and put it back into operation.
  
  
  

Antonio had several children:

Castello Piccolomini di Balsorano

• Francesco (approx. 1460 - † 1530). From 1498 until his death he was Bishop of Bisignano . During the absence of the Senseverino , the lords of the territory, he independently administered the principality with wisdom and foresight until 1518. Among other things, he is known for the difficult mediation between the residents and the immigration of Albanian Christians who fled the Muslim occupation.

• Alfonso I (approx. 1462 - † 1503). He lived a life in the shadow of his father and never managed to express his personality . He often appears at events related to court life and at the most important ceremonies, such as the wedding of Eleonora of Aragon to Ercole I d'Este or the coronation of Frederick I of Naples , which proves that the family is in the highest Ranks of the Aragonese aristocracy . Immediately after his father's death, he witnessed the loss of the Duchy of Amalfi and most of the fiefs that had come under transalpine control during the devastating conquest of Naples by Charles VIII of France . He tried to fight the conquest by fighting in the ranks of the Aragon army. In any case, he got the fief back immediately after the withdrawal of the French troops in 1495. He died very young in 1503, shortly afterwards his wife Giovanna of Aragon, and could not give his sons the upbringing and family tradition that he would have liked.

• Giambattista (approx. 1464 - † 1530). Antonio's second son became the Marquese of Deliceto and acquired a fiefdom that was ruled by the historic castle. His wife Costanza Caracciolo belonged to one of the most famous families in Naples. As a historically insignificant person, he essentially devoted himself to managing his wealth.
  

  Castello di Deliceto
  Of a mild and religious nature, he wanted to provide the chapel of Santa Maria dell'Olmitello, near the castle, with considerable income, where, according to legend, a wooden statue was found in the branches of an elm after the apparition of the Madonna. The statuette is still kept in the church. He gave the Franciscans a huge plot of land for the construction of the monastery and the church of Sant'Antonio, from which the view extends over a huge area, from the Tavoliere delle Puglie and Gargano to the heights of Basilicata.

Print of the island of Nisida (1700) with the castle by Alfonso Piccolomini

• Alfonso II (around 1500 - † 1563 in Nisida). Son of Alfonso I. With the departure of the Aragonese, a slow and unstoppable decline of the family began in the state administration. However, the advent of the Spaniards did not turn the tide in relations with the rulers. The traditional loyalty of Piccolomini to the house of Habsburg was the appreciation and trust of Charles V confirmed von Habsburg, who takes the place of the defeated Frederick I had entered. He became an imperial general and judicial officer of the empire. He chose to live in a large tower on the tip of the island of Nisida , which was already in the fief of the Dukes of Amalfi, and converted it into a palace where he held large parties with pomp and waste of money. He could not forget his Sienese origins, and during this period (1528), when the republic was shaken by serious clashes between the various factions, he could not refuse the offer he received thanks to his recognized authority, Capitaono del Popolo , super partes to be in Siena. This position caused him many problems, as the Tuscan Republic fought more and more in the power games of European politics to ensure its own survival, and the French monarchy kept more and more parts.
  This temptation also affected the exemplary Duke of Amalfi, who lost the favor of Charles V and was forced to leave the republic and also lost the offices he held in the Kingdom of Naples .
  He retired to Nisida, where he led a secluded life, gradually withdrawing from social and even family life, leaving his wife, Costanza d'Avalos and his children to fend for themselves. Among these, Iñigo and Giovanni continued the line.

• Iñigo (1523 - † 1566 in Rome). There isn't a lot of information about this family member. He became Duke of Amalfi because his brother Giovanni had renounced his birthright. He married a Piccolomini, Sivia, the last descendant of Zweig des Andrea and the last lady of Giglio and Castiglion della Pescaia . Iñigo's life was marked by an unfortunate development in which he was accused of murdering a man in the Kingdom of Naples. He was forced in the Papal States to seek refuge. During his stay in Rome, he decided to sell the Tuscan fief that his wife had brought into the marriage to Cosimo dei Medici . He is buried in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo , where his tombstone comes from an enclosure of the Agrippa thermal baths.

During this period of family history, Neapolitan society was influenced by a real revolution in morals. After the struggles of the barons for fiefs and territories in the late Middle Ages, a period of social and economic stability followed, a goal that coincided with the interests of the new Spanish monarchs.

Renaissance dress

Neapolitan court of the vicquesses in the 16th century

Some new phenomena, such as the strong and hitherto unknown inflationary pressures that affected part of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, combined with the formation of a working and industrious class like the bourgeoisie , demonstrated the inadequacy of an encrusted aristocracy . Insufficiency that not even the Piccolomini of Aragon could be immune to. Although the administration of the new kingdom was highly centralized in Naples, it left the old feudal rights almost unchanged. During this time of great change, the Piccolomini did not manage to manage their assets, which consisted of factories, mines and estates. In addition, it was common practice to lease the property so as not to have to go through administrative controls, which in reality was not possible. So the Dukes of Amalfi separated more and more from their productive realities, some of which could not be sold because they were legally bound to the family. At the same time, the Spanish court introduced the splendor of an elegance and grandeur previously unknown in the Neapolitan aristocracy and turned participation in court life into an almost indispensable necessity, closely linked to one's own social status . An elegant and exclusive dress from the 16th century costs as much as the annual income of a farm. All of this, combined with the generous donations and the generous and lavish acts closely tied to their rank, resulted in a staggering rise in the cost of living, with the urgent and continuing need for new liquidity . Despite the widespread transfer of mastrodattie and feudal rights in general, rents alone were no longer sufficient. The enormous costs that Alfonso II had to raise on the one hand and his son Iñigo on the other led to a period of indebtedness, the main financiers of which were the tenants and which gradually dissolved the family assets. The last heir to the firstborn branch, Costanza, found herself in an economic situation in the course of her life that deteriorated considerably and was very different from that of her great-grandfather Antonio, the first Duke of Amalfi.

• Costanza (1553– † 1610 in Naples) and Alessandro (1555–1617). However, in 1566, after the death of her father Iñigo, the legacy of the last of the firstborn line remained of great importance. In order to pay off the most urgent debts, the island of Nisida with the family castle was sold to Uncle Giovanni, her father's brother. She also gave her uncle numerous fiefs, including the castles of Ortucchio, Pescina and Balsorano. When she was still in possession of her very large inheritance, she was forced to marry her cousin Alessandro in 1572 by the will of the family, combined with the endogamy policy typical of the Piccolomini consorteria . He was the last descendant of the Marquis of Deliceto, the second-born line of his great-grandfather Antonio, the founder of the dynasty . This wasn't a happy marriage. Alexander, known as the VII Marquis of Deliceto, did not have a good reputation. After wasting all of his inheritance, he began to practice magic and spells and was therefore tried by Santo Officio for heretical blasphemy. He became 12 years in prison of Castel dell'Ovo convicted, a penalty that was imposed by the Deputy Justice of the Count of Olivares to another 10 years in the Castle of L'Aquila were added.
  

  Castel dell'Ovo, place of imprisonment of Alessandro Piccolomini - last Marquese of Deliceto
  

  Santa Maria alla Sapienza, whose monastery Costanza Piccolomini d'Aragona entered, V Duchess of Amalfi
  During these years Constance was forced to sell most of it: The Castello di Capestrano and his rule to the Grand Duke of Tuscany , the County of Celano was sold to Peretti, a member of the family of Pope Sixtus V, in 1600 her husband Alessandro received from Pope Clement VII Together with the new viceroy Count von Lemos an abjuration that restored his freedom, with the obligation to lead a military life. He was placed in the service of the Venetian Republic, which lasted for many years. Constance obtained the annulment of their marriage with papal authority . She was forced to make the misery of a failed marriage public, officially untouched but full of betrayal, adultery and humiliation. She managed to get rid of her husband under harsh conditions: she had to give him the Duchy of Amalfi and grant him a lifelong pension of 2,400 ducats. In 1596 she became a nun of the Order of the Poor Clares in the monastery of Santa Maria della Sapienza . As the last act of her secular life, she made many notable donations for devout works in Naples and Siena. She donated the Roman palace to the Theatines , the Pius III. belonged, with its valuable interior. According to the will of the Duchess, the order built a church next to the palace , dedicated to St. Andrew , the patron saint of Amalfi, and later called Sant'Andrea della Valle . Costanza died in 1610, her ex-husband Alessandro in 1617, last Marquese of Deliceto and last Neapolitan Duke of Amalfi. The duchy was greatly impoverished by the King of Spain, Philip III. , given to Prince Ottavio Piccolomini from the line of the Lords of Sticciano.

See also : Costanza Piccolomini d'Aragona

Princes of Valle, Nachod and Maida, grandees of Spain , dukes of Laconia, Marchesi di Montesoro

After the turmoil with which the two main branches of the family, namely the Dukes of Amalfi and the Marquis of Deliceto, with Costanza and Alessandro ended, the Piccolomini of Aragon continued their stay in the Kingdom of Naples with the line of Giovanni, brother of the previous section Iñigo mentioned, gone. They bore the title and fief of Baron Scafati and the Boscoreale lordship, as well as the vast estates of Duchess Costanza, some of which were sold by Alfonso, Giovanni’s son. The family continued to play a leading role in the Neapolitan aristocracy and continued a policy of marriage contracts they had with the most important families of the kingdom such as the Caracciolo , the Carafa , the Pignatelli, the d'Avalos d'Aquino d'Aragona , the Ruffo di Calabria and others united.

main characters

• Giovanni, son of Alfonso II, married Gerolama Loffredo, one of the most famous names of the time. He had several children, including Pompeo and Alfonso.
• Pompeo (ca.1520 - † 1562). Bishop of Lanciano and then of Tropea. He died in Spain.

The line was continued with another Alfonso who renewed the importance and presence of the family.

The Siege of Buda, where Francesco Piccolomini of Aragon died

Nachod Castle - residence of Pompeo Piccolomini of Aragon

• Alfonso (approx. 1630 - † 1694). He received the title of Prince (of Casale) of Valle from Philip III, King of Spain and Naples, a great reign that extended from the slopes of Vesuvius to the area of ​​Pompeii. He married Eleonora Loffredo, who brought Piccolomini the Principality of Maida , a fiefdom in Calabria , the Marquisate of Montesoro, a fiefdom in Sicily and the Duchy of Laconia into the house. He was essentially responsible for managing his wealth and restoring the lost economic equilibrium.

• Ambrogio Maria (1625 - † approx. 1682). The brother of the former Alfonsus was an Olivetan monk and became Bishop of Trivento . He was later appointed Archbishop of Otranto .

• Francesco (1654 - † 1686 Budapest - Hungary ). Alfonso's eldest son was the Imperial General of Leopold I von Habsburg . He took part in several battles against the Turks : from the siege of Plovdiv to the defense of Vienna . He died fighting in the siege of Budapest .

• Giuseppe (approx. 1656 - † 1733). Alfonso's second son married Anna Colonna . Well introduced at the Viceroyal Court of Naples, it soon became part of the Spanish monarchy. He was a military professional and became Mestre de camp of the Spanish King, in command of the Tercio of Naples. His indisputable skills and proven worth in military campaigns earned him numerous awards and Philip V introduced the family to the grandees of Spain in 1711 .

• Pompeo (1694 - † 1765 Náchod - Bohemia ). After the extinction of the Lords of Sticciano, the son of Giuseppe was administrator of a huge inheritance that was accumulated over centuries and expanded by the great Ottavio Piccolomini . In addition to his numerous titles and fiefs, he received the Tuscan possession of the Piccolomini, known as Papesse. He became imperial prince and inherited the prestigious rule of the principality of Náchod with his majestic palazzo, which is more like a palace than a private residence. He left Naples forever and retired to Bohemia, where he died. This large Neapolitan family died out with his son Giuseppe, and all titles and dominions passed to the line of Piccolomini Salamoneschi, who from then on (1807) took over their rights and surname.

In this way the Neapolitan dynasty of the Piccolomini d'Aragona, begun by Antonio, ended. And with that, the Piccolomini Todeschini family ended.

In the Campania region, gender is still present, thanks to some biological children associated with Antonio's lineage. Among these we must not forget Antonio and Vittoria, the cousins ​​of the Barons of Scafati and the Princes of Valle, who got married and kept the family name Piccolomini d'Aragona at the same time. Their descendants, although not recognized according to traditional heraldic tablets, remain the only historical and cultural testimony to this famous branch of the family.

Pedigree

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  Origin of the Piccolomini di Montone

• 

  Branch of the Piccolomini Salamoneschi

• 

  Origin of the Rustichino

• 

  Branch of Pio II and the Papesse

• 

  Branch of Piccolomini (Todeschini) d'Aragona

• 

  Branch of Piccolomini (Todeschini) di Castiglia e d'Aragona

• 

  Branch by Piccolomini Todeschini - Signori del Giglio e di Castiglione della Pescaia

• 

  Branch of the Bandini Piccolomini and the Piccolomini Naldi Bandini

• 

  Branch of Piccolomini Pieri Signori di Sticciano detti delle Papesse

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Vittorio Spreti - p. 327
2. ↑ Manuela Doni Garfagnini: Il teatro della storia fra rappresentazione e realtà: storiografia e trattatistica fra Quattrocento e Seicento . Storia e Letteratura, Rome 2002, p. 387 (Italian, google.it - page 63).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Vittorio Spreti - p. 328
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Treccani, Agnese Farnese
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Treccani, Enciclopedia dei Papi
6. ↑ ^{a b c} G. Treccani, Enciclopedia Italiana, Vol. XXVII p. 313
7. ↑ Vittorio Spreti - Vol. V, p. 327
8. ↑ G. Treccani, p. 313 (of which only five statues were made)
9. ↑ Sacro Romano Impero - Holy Roman Empire
10. ^ Avventura Marche
11. ↑ Senigallia, città futura
12. ↑ Ancona illustrata, p. 299
13. ↑ Istoria civile del regno di Napoli, p. 306
14. ↑ ^{a b c} Ilaria Puglia p. 262
15. ↑ Berardo Candida-Gonzaga: Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia . Cav. G. de Angelis e figlio, Naples, p. 7 (1875-83).
16. ^ ^{A b} Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - FERDINANDO I (Ferrante) d'Aragona, re di Napoli
17. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Vittorio Spreti - Vol. V, p. 329
18. ↑ Sedili di Napoli ( it )
19. ^ Eugenio Larosa: Biografia del Condottiero Roberto Sanseverino . Associazione Culturale Famaleonis (Italian, [url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140518044303/http://www.famaleonis.com/robertodasanseverino-2.asp Online]).
20. Jump up ↑ Battle of Troy-1462 .
21. ↑ Piccolomini .
22. ↑ nciclopedia Italiana, Vol. XXXI p. 380
23. ^ Costante Fortino: Italo Costante Fortino, Insediamenti albanesi nella valle del Crati . Università di Napoli L'Orientale (Italian, online [PDF]).
24. ↑ Cappella M. SS. Dell'Olmitello (Sec.XI) ( it )
25. ^ Portals istituzionale del comune di Deliceto Copia archiviata . Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2017.,
26. ^ Domenico Antonio Parrino, p. 167
27. ↑ Treccani, AVALOS, Costanza d ', Volume 4 (1962)
28. ↑ Rodolfo Lanciani, La distruzione dell'antica Roma - 1971 p. 8
29. ↑ ^{a b} Ilaria Puglia
30. ^ Aurelio Musi: Mezzogiorno spagnolo: la via napoletana allo stato moderno . Guida Ed., Naples 1991, pp. 87, 104 (Italian, google.it ).
31. ↑ Elisa Novi Chavarria, pp. 106-108
32. ↑ Some sources speak of sales
33. ^ ^{A b} Luigi Amabile, Fra Tommaso Campanella: p. 266, 267 [1]
34. ↑ Elisa Novi Chavarria, pp. 106-108
35. ↑ Luigi Giambene:  Theatiner. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI), Theatiner.
36. ↑ Basilica Sant'Andrea della Valle-Padri Teatini- Basilica Sant'Andrea della Valle-Theatiner (archive versions )
37. ^ Vittorio Spreti - Op. cit. Vol. V, p. 330

literature

• Vittorio Spreti: Enciclopedia Storico Nobiliare Italiana 1928-1936 . Forni Editore, Bologna 1981 (Italian, reprint).
• Roberta Mucciarelli: L'archivio Piccolomini: All origini di una famiglia magnatizia: discendenza fantastiche e architetture nobilitanti . In: Bullettino Senese di Storia Patria . tape CIV , 1997, p. 357-376 (Italian).
• Roberta Mucciarelli: Piccolomini a Siena. XIII-XIV secolo. Ritratti possibili . Pacini Editore (collana Dentro il Medioevo), 2005, p. 552 (Italian).
• G. Treccani: Enciclopedia Italiana . Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Rome 1949 (Italian).
• Marco Pellegrini:  Pio II. In: Raffaele Romanelli (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 83:  Piacentini – Pio V. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2015.
• Alan Ryder:  FERDINANDO I d'Aragona. In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 46:  Feducci-Ferrerio. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1996.
• Ilaria Puglia: I Piccolomini d'Aragona duchi di Amalfi (1461-1610). Storia di un patrimonio nobiliare, Napoli . In: Accademia degli Intronati . Editoriale Scientifica, 2005 (Italian, online [PDF] review by Barbara Gelli).
• Domenico Antonio Parrino: Di Napoli il seno Cratero . Nella nuova stampa del Parrino à Strada Toledo. Naples 1700 (Italian).
• Claudio Mutini:  Avalos, Costanza. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 4:  Arconati-Bacaredda. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1962.
• Rodolfo Lanciani: La distruzione dell'antica Roma . 1971 (Italian).
• Aurelio Musi: Mezzogiorno spagnolo: la via napoletana allo stato moderno . Guida Ed, Naples 1991 (Italian).
• Elisa Novi Chavarria: Monache e gentildonne: un labile confine: poteri politici e identità religious nei monasteri napoletani. Secoli XVI - XVII . Franco Angeli srl, Milan 2004 (Italian, google.it ).
• Luigi Amabile: Fra Tommaso Campanella: la sua congiura, i suoi processi e la sua pazzia . Volume secondo, narrazione, parte seconda - Napoli. Cav. Antonio Morano Editore, Naples 1888 (Italian, online ).
• Antonio Leoni, Agostino Peruzzi: Ancona illustrata, colle risposte ai sigg. Peruzzi [on his Dissertazioni anconitane] Pighetti etc., e il compendio delle memorie storiche d'Ancona . Tip. Baluzzi, Ancona 1833 (Italian, google.it ).
• Pietro Giannone: Istoria civile del regno di Napoli. La polizia del regno sotto Austriaci . No. 7 . Italia, 1821 (Italian, google.it ).
• Manuela Doni Garfagnini: Il teatro della storia fra rappresentazione e realtà: storiografia e trattatistica fra Quattrocento e Seicento . Storia e Letteratura, Rome 2002 (Italian).
• Carla Zarilli:  Farnese, Agnese. In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 45:  Farinacci – Fedrigo. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1995.
• Matteo Sanfilippo:  Pius III .. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI), Enciclopedia dei Papi.
• Ricci Ettore, Rotondi Pasquale, Castellani Giuseppe:  Senigallia. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI), Senigallia.

Web links

Commons : Piccolomini  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Accademia degli Intronati ( it ) Archived from the original on April 11, 2015. Retrieved on May 14, 2019.
• Sant'Andrea della Valle Roma ( it )
• Senigallia, la Città Futura ( it )
• Nobili Napoletani Ovvero delle Famiglie Nobili e titolate del Napolitano, ascritte ai Sedili di Napoli, al Libro d'Oro Napolitano, appartenenti alle Piazze delle città del Napolitano dichiarate chiuse, all'Elenco Regionale Napolitano o che abbiano avuto un ruolo nelle vicende del Italia . Famiglia Piccolomini - I Sedili di Napoli ( it ) 2007.
• Grave slab of Roberto da San Severino .
• Insediamenti albanesi nella valle del Crati di Italo Sarro ( it )
• Cappella M. SS. Dell'Olmitello (sec.XI) ( it )
• Portals istituzionale del comune di Deliceto ( it )
• Basilica Sant'Andrea della Valle-Padri Teatini ( it )
• Il castello di Monterado ( it )