Franz Xaver Eder (physicist)

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Franz Xaver Eder (born February 1, 1914 in Munich ; † February 1, 2009 there ) was a German physicist .

Life

Franz Xaver Eder's parents were the railway official Franz Eder and Maria geb. Ertl. After graduating from high school, Eder studied at the Technical University of Munich . He completed his studies in 1937 with the thesis "Construction of a Kerr Effect Oscillograph". In the same year he joined the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research in Göttingen , where he became a research assistant at the Institute for Cold Research at the Aerodynamic Research Institute (AVA). In 1941 he obtained his doctorate in engineering under Walther Meißner . with the dissertation Electrical Altimeter for Airplanes . In the same year he became head of the Norwegian branch of the AVA Institute for Cold Research in Finse , which was commissioned to research wind tunnels to create artificial clouds.

After the end of the war, Eder became a research assistant at Berlin University , where he completed his habilitation in 1947 with the thesis “Dielectric behavior of ice”. In 1950 he was appointed full professor and head of department of the Second Physics Institute of the now Humboldt University, for which he did important development work. Within a few years he built the first German air condenser after the Second World War . In addition, plants for the liquefaction of hydrogen and helium were built under his leadership . From 1956 he headed the low-temperature physics department at the German Academy of Sciences . In the same year he became head of the newly founded III. Physico-Technical Institute.

In 1960 Eder returned to Munich, where he was appointed director of the Commission for Low Temperature Research of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , which was founded in 1946 by the then Academy President Walter Meißner . Since the provisional premises of the commission had been in two barracks in Herrsching since it was founded and a branch office had been in operation at the research site in Garching since 1958 , Eder was entrusted with the planning and construction of a new institute building on the university campus in Garching in addition to his scientific work. This could be put into operation in 1967 as the central institute for low temperature research of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. In 1984 it was renamed the Walther Meißner Institute for Low Temperature Research.

In addition, from 1962 until his retirement in 1979, Eder was honorary professor at the Faculty of General Sciences at the Technical University of Munich , where he taught thermodynamics and low-temperature physics. Through his successful scientific and experimental work, he was able to acquire numerous patents. Even after retirement, he continued to research the development of heat pumps that work according to the Vuilleumier cycle .

Since 1972 Franz Xaver Eder has been a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences . The Federal Republic of Germany honored his services on October 1, 1984 with the award of the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon.

Publications

Franz Xaver Eder has published over 80 scientific papers, including eleven textbooks T. appeared in several editions. He was the editor of a series of books on theoretical and experimental physics and founded the journal "Experimental Technique of Physics".

  • The Electrical Behavior of Ice: Anomalous Dispersion and Absorption . Leipzig 1947
  • Modern measuring methods in physics. Part 1. Mechanics - Acoustics . Berlin 1952
  • Introduction to the physics of low temperatures . Berlin 1955
  • Modern measuring methods in physics . Part II: Thermodynamics. University books for physics, Berlin 1956
  • Modern measurement methods in physics , part III, electrophysics. University books for physics, Berlin 1972
  • Physical and chemical investigations on superconducting intercalation compounds, with Anton Lerf. Bonn 1980
  • Low temperature technology , with Hartmut Frey and René A. Haefer. Düsseldorf 1981
  • Regenerator with a filling of polycrystalline iron whiskers by Helmut Appel. Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 1982
  • Working methods of thermodynamics , 4 volumes. Volume I: Temperature Measurement . Volume II: Thermal and caloric properties . Volume III: Heat transfer, multi-fuel systems . Volume IV: Low and High Temperatures . Berlin, 1981–1983

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obituary. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , February 7, 2009
  2. ↑ Walter Habel: Who is who? Lübeck 1993
  3. ↑ a b Dietrich single: Franz Xaver Eder turns 90 . In: Akademie Aktuell . No. 01 , 2004, p. 28 ( badw.de [PDF; accessed on February 13, 2018]).
personal data
SURNAME Eder, Franz Xaver
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eder, Franx X.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH February 1, 2009
Place of death Munich