Francis Xavier of Saint-Julien

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Franz Xaver Joseph Count of Saint-Julien
Neu-Swietlau Castle

Franz Xaver Joseph Herr von Guyard, Count of Saint-Julien and Walsée (born December 2, 1756 at Swietlau Castle , † January 16, 1836 in Skalitschka ) was an Austrian k. k. Chamberlain , Privy Councilor , Oberst-Erbland-Falkenmeister in Austria under the Enns , Feldzeugmeister and owner of the Infantry Regiment No. 61 that bears his name .

Origin and family

The Count of St. Julien, who had lived in Austria since 1610, came from southern France, Provence . A member of this tribe, Henri Sire de Guyard Seigneur de St. Julien entered the imperial military service under Emperor Rudolf II in 1610 and was on September 29, 1638 by Emperor Ferdinand III. raised to the imperial count status with the nickname "Wallsée".

Franz Xaver, the son of Johann Joseph (* July 13, 1704; † January 5, 1794) and the Aloisia Franziska Countess von Thürheim (* January 24, 1732; † 1809) married Contessa Giuseppa Francesca Luisa di Lodron on October 31, 1800 -Laterano (August 8, 1779 - August 28, 1836). The couple had three children: Johann Clemens Gundaccar (born September 15, 1801; † January 3, 1882 in Linz), Imperial Chamberlain and Privy Councilor, Oberst-Erbland-Falkenmeister in Austria under the Enns, Knight of Honor of the Order of Malta, Colonel, Chief Chamberlain of the Empress Carolina Augusta, married since July 25, 1836 to Maria Emanuela Countess von Khevenhüller-Metsch (* September 18, 1815 - January 26, 1882 in Linz ), star cross and palace lady in Prague , Joseph (* April 11, 1806, † ), kk chamberlain and colonel, hereditary falcon master in Austria under the Enns and Leopoldine (born August 18, 1807).

This so-called older branch has become extinct in the male line, while the younger line continues the line.

Battle of Bassano

biography

Years of development

Franz Xaver decided early on for a military career. He was willing to take risks, always fighting on the front lines. As a captain in the Russo-Austrian Turkish War , he was wounded for the first time off Belgrade on July 12, 1866 .

In 1793 he succeeded his father in the office of Oberst-Erbland-Falkenmeister in Austria under the Enns. As his heir, he became Herr von Swietlau and owner of the castle there, as well as Schraditz and Wasilsko in Moravia. However , he sold these properties to a Countess Haugwitz on March 30, 1803 for 357,000 guilders , in agreement with his brothers . He also owned the Alt- and Neuwartenburg and Wolfsegg estates in Upper Austria .

He suffered a second not insignificant wound on November 12, 1796 near Caldiero , having already advanced to colonel and regimental commander after having distinguished himself in the bloody battle of Bassano during the French Revolutionary Wars .

Marengo and the peace preliminaries

Battle of Marengo

After he had become major general on May 31, 1797 (rank of June 29, 1797) , he rendered commendable services in Italy in 1800 and was commissioned by Emperor Joseph II after the battle of Marengo to negotiate the peace preliminaries in Paris, where he on Arrived August 8, 1800.

St. Julien's only task was to convey to the First Consul the ratification of the convention of Alessandria concluded by Michael von Melas after the lost battle of Marengo and to investigate the extent to which the latter was inclined to enter into a peace in which the King of Great Britain and the king of both Sicilies would be included. Bonaparte offered a separate peace, and St. Julien, although not authorized to do so, accepted it. That he was not remotely entitled to do so is evident from the tenth article of the Preliminaries signed by the general. It says: "As a representative can be contained in a letter from the Emperor to the First Consul, the proxies provided with the usual formalities are at the same time with the ratifications of the current peace preliminaries which the two governments will replace binding only after the ratification." This remarked Charles Marquis de Montholon-Sémonville: “Powers of attorney that are not to be exchanged until the treaty is concluded, no, but only when the treaty is ratified, are in diplomacy what a car without wheels is in ordinary life. One never learns the powers of attorney from the enemy! ” Although the emperor declared St. Julien's degrees null and void, he was in an even worse negotiating position.

Battle of Teugen-Hausen

As a field marshal lieutenant

The officer was sent to the fortress of Cluj-Napoca in Transylvania for this Swabian coup and nonetheless was promoted to field marshal lieutenant on October 29, 1800 (rank of November 24 of that year) .

In 1802 the count became the owner of the Hungarian infantry regiment No. 61 in Timisoara and, according to the general army order of August 27, 1805, he was responsible for the (establishment) garrison of Szeged with Arad and Sombor .

Wolfsegg Castle

In 1809, during the Fifth Coalition War, he commanded an army corps in Tyrol with distinction under the command of Archduke Johann and was wounded for the third time as head of division in the battle of Teugn-Hausen . From 1810 he was in command as division chief of the Moravian-Silesian Landwehr in Olomouc .

epilogue

Saint-Julien retired on December 19, 1812 with the title and character of Feldzeugmeister. In 1835 he finally bought Wolfsegg Castle , which is still owned by the family today.

Finally, a legend about Wolfsegg Castle: Three giants gathered the building material to build Wolfsegg Castle. They were so big that when it was finished they towered over the castle. In the castle there is said to be a rib of one of the three giants on an iron chain.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Counts of St. Julien, 1638

Family coat of arms: The old coat of arms of the Guyard, Freiherrn von Saint Julien is a shield with a gold top and black bottom, divided in the middle, with a black rose in the center of the gold half, but a gold rose without a stem in the bottom of the black bottom. On top of the open helmet is a closed flight, which is yellow above, black below, like the shield, and covered with the two roses of opposite colors.

1638: The increased count's coat of arms has four fields and a heart shield. The first and fourth field, is split lengthways down in the middle, has in the front half, also divided transversely, a golden field above and black below. In the middle of the golden is a black rose, and in the black a golden rose. In the left half there is a rising red lion with a golden crown on its head in the silver field. The second and third is a black field with a silver crossbar in the middle, which was the coat of arms of the dead dynasty of Wallsée. In the middle shield, the double black imperial eagle with the crown appears in the golden field. Above, three crowned open helmets rest on the whole coat of arms. On the first on the right sits the crowned red lion in front, the old Saint-Julien family coat of arms, half gold, half black, as described above, held in front of him. On the middle helmet stands the crowned double black eagle. On the third on the left a closed black flight with the silver crossbar in the middle. The helmet covers are gold and black on the right, silver and black on the left.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Genealogical pocket book of the German count's houses for the year 1870, 43rd year, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1870, p. 890
  2. ^ A b c Constantin von Wurzbach: "Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich", 28th part, KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1874, p. 83
  3. ^ Franz Joseph Schwoy: "Topography of the Margraviate Moravia: Prerauer, Znaymer and Iglauer Kreis", Volume 3, printed by Joseph Hraschanzky, Vienna 1794, p. 627
  4. ^ Johann Samuelansch and Johann Georg Gruber (eds.): "General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts", Section H - N, Part 28, Verlag FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1851, p. 311
  5. ^ A b c Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: "Imperial and Imperial Generals (1618–1815"), Austrian State Archives, Vienna 2006, p. 86
  6. ↑ Johannes Willms: "Napoleon - Eine Biographie", Verlag CH Beck oHG, Munich 2009, p. 495 ff., ISBN 978-3-406-58586-9
  7. ↑ Johann Sporschil: "History of the emergence, the growth and the size of the Austrian monarchy", 7th volume, Verlag F. Volckmar, Leipzig 1845, p. 273 ff.
  8. ^ Charles Jean François Tristan Marquis de Montholon-Sémonville, translated by August Kuehn: "History of Captivity on St. Helena", Volume 1, Verlag EF Steinacker and Friedrich Volckmar, Leipzig 1846, pp. 185 f.
  9. ↑ Military Schematism of the Austrian Empire, kk Hof- und Staats-Druckerey, Vienna 1840, p. 225
  10. ↑ Maximilian Graf Baillet von Latour (ed.): “General Army Order, Vienna on August 27th 1805, from Emperor Franz II.”, Supplement C
  11. ^ Austrian Army Silesia
  12. ^ Wolfsegg Castle
  13. ↑ Franz Karl Wissgrill, Karl von Odelga: “Schauplatz des Nieder-Austrian nobility from the gentry and knights”, Volume 4, Verlag Franz Seizer, Vienna 1800, p. 523

literature

  • Franz Karl Wissgrill, Karl von Odelga: “The scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility from the gentry and knights”, Volume 4, Verlag Franz Seizer, Vienna 1800
personal data
SURNAME Saint-Julien, Franz Xavier von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Saint-Julien and Walsée, Franz Xaver Joseph Lord of Guyard, Count of (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian general
DATE OF BIRTH December 2, 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH Swietlau Castle
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1836
Place of death Skalitschka