Graukloster (Schleswig)
The Gray Monastery (actually Monastery of St. Paul or Monastery of St. Paul ) is a former Franciscan monastery in Schleswig . It is named after the gray color of the Franciscan habit . After the abolition of the monastery in 1528/29, the convent buildings were converted into a monastery for the poor, the church became the property of the city and was converted into a town hall. Today's classicist town hall was built on its foundation walls in 1794/95 . Parts of the medieval monastery buildings are still preserved today and have been used by the city administration since the 1980s.
history
The monastery, under the patronage of St. Paul , was founded in 1234 under the reign of Duke Abel , who later became King of Denmark. Abel left the grounds of a former Danish royal court to the brothers of the Franciscan Order, founded in 1210, which was made superfluous by the construction of the Jürgensburg on the Seagull Island , near the city center with the St. Petri Cathedral . Together with the monasteries in Viborg and Ribe , it is one of the first Franciscan monasteries on Danish territory. Within the Franciscan Order, St. Paul initially belonged to the Saxon Franciscan Province ( Saxonia ) and from 1239 to the Custody Ribe of the Order of Dacia (Denmark), which was separated from Saxonia that year due to the rapid expansion of the Order . Ecclesiastically it was subordinate to the Diocese of Schleswig or the Archdiocese of Lund , secularly it was dependent on the Duchy of Schleswig.
At times St. Paul is one of the largest Franciscan monasteries in the Kingdom of Denmark. Three times - in the years 1292, 1316 and 1392 - religious chapters of the order province of Dacia took place here.
At the end of the 15th century, the few remaining brothers, two priests and a lay brother , from St. Paul at the behest of Duke Friedrich I, joined the observance movement in the Franciscan order. 1516 Frederick I took St. Paul with the Franciscan monasteries of St. Mary in Kiel and the Monastery Husum for Custody Kiel together that the 1520 Order of province Saxonia was affiliated. In the course of the Reformation in 1528/29 - also by Frederick I - the abolition of the monastery took place, at the same time the Dominican monastery of St. Maria Magdalena was also dissolved.
Also in 1529, Friedrich's son Christian, who later became the Danish king Christian III, gathered . , 400 secular and spiritual dignitaries in St. Paul. The assembly is considered to point the way for the further religious development in the Duchy of Schleswig and the Kingdom of Denmark. Christian, who met Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms in 1521 , had already joined the Reformation movement with the part of the Duchy of Schleswig that had been transferred to him.
After the abolition of the monastery, the church of St. Paul became the property of the city and was converted into the town hall. In 1793 the building was demolished due to its dilapidation and in 1794/95 today's classical town hall was built. The remaining buildings and lands were transferred to a poor monastery, which until 1980 provided accommodation for up to 22 impoverished citizens. Today parts of the city administration are in the buildings. It is open to the public as part of guided tours and is occasionally used for handicraft markets.
Monastery complex and inventory
The current complex, consisting of the town hall and the former enclosure, gives an impression of the dimensions of the original monastery complex. The outlines of the town hall essentially correspond to those of the Church of St. Paul, a one- nave hall church with a flat polygonal apse . The engraving by Frans Hogenberger from around 1600 also gives an impression , only nothing of the tower in the west has survived.
There is much more of the former exam. The enclosure is a three-wing building that extends around the central courtyard. The northern extensions of the east and west wings represent a special feature, which together with the north wing form a second courtyard open to the north. Parts of the original building fabric were built over in the course of the time after the Reformation and only exposed again during the restoration between 1980 and 1984. The changeable history of the building is particularly evident in the remains of the foundations exposed in sections and on the unplastered outer walls.
Worth mentioning here is the so-called Gothic hall with its wall paintings and the typical Gothic pointed arches on the door and window openings. It is located in the northern extension of the east wing. The oldest wall painting is a crucifixion scene on a square plaster base on the east wall, which is dated to 1280; the paintings on the north and west walls date back to the middle of the 14th century. The remains of a hypocaust can be found below the Gothic hall . The room to the east of the hall was created in the middle of the 15th century and was probably used as a kitchen.
See also
literature
- Deert Lafrenz: Former Franciscan monastery, also gray monastery . In: The art monuments of the city of Schleswig , Volume 3: Churches, monasteries and hospitals , edit. by Deert Lafrenz with contributions by Veronika Darius, Dietrich Ellger and Christian Radtke (= Die Kunstdenkmäler des Landes Schleswig-Holstein , Volume 11, edited by Hartwig Beseler). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-422-00562-5 , pp. 130-210.
- Volker Vogel: Schleswig in the Middle Ages - archeology of a city. Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1989.
- Dieter-Jürgen Mehlhorn: Monasteries and monasteries in Schleswig-Holstein. 1200 years of history, architecture and art. Ludwig, Kiel 2007, ISBN 978-3-937719-47-4 .
Footnotes
- ↑ Castles and palaces in the Schleswig-Flensburg district ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Schleswig-Holstein monastery project
- ↑ a b c d Mehlhorn, p. 203
- ↑ according to the Schleswig-Holstein monastery project , Mehlhorn only says: "Shortly after 1504 ..."
- ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Werl 1999, p. 249.
- ↑ Volker Vogel: The royal palace and the Franciscan monastery . Pp. 34-43.
- ↑ Brief reports from the Schleswig-Holstein State Office for Monument Preservation ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 148
- ^ Mehlhorn, p. 206
Web links
Coordinates: 54 ° 30 ′ 51.79 " N , 9 ° 34 ′ 19.34" E