Wilhelmiterkloster on the Frauenberg near Lübben

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The Wilhelmiterkloster on the Frauenberg was a monastery of the Order of the Hermits of Saint Wilhelm ( Ordo Fratrum Eremitarum Sancti Wilhelmi ) today in the town of Lübben (Spreewald) in Niederlausitz . It was founded in 1497 on the site of a pilgrimage church in honor of the Blessed Mother Mary and was orphaned by 1535. Today the Asklepios Specialist Clinic Lübben is located on the site .

location

The monastery was on the Frauenberg, a flat hill in today's urban area, about 1200 meters northwest of the old town of Lübben. Today only the street Am Frauenberg reminds of the former monastery and the Frauenberg settlement that developed from the monastery property in the 16th century.

Lübben (Spreewald), excerpt from Urmes table sheet 4049 from 1846

history

The Marienkapelle on the Frauenberg

In the 15th century there was a Marienkapelle on the Frauenberg near Lübben, which gave the small hill its name. Alleged miracles at the locality had already attracted crowds of pilgrims around 1459. The Lady Chapel and its cash register were looked after by a priest and other people who had been appointed by the City Council of Lübben to administer the gifts donated by the pilgrims. In 1475 there was a dispute between the governor of Lower Lusatia Jaroslav III. von Sternberg, the archdeacon of Niederlausitz Dr. Fabian Hancko (also Haucko), a Meissen canon who held the parish in Lübben, and the bishop in Meissen Dietrich III. von Schönberg on the disposition and distribution of the donated gifts. The old Marienkapelle burnt down in 1475 and had to be rebuilt. The extent or the wide range of those involved in the dispute alone shows that the donations from the pilgrims were not insignificant. The settlement, which was made two years later, in 1477, stipulated that the revenue of the Marienkapelle would be divided into thirds, one third should go to the Bishop of Meißen, one third to the archdeacon of Niederlausitz and one third to the administrators of the Marienkapelle. However, the construction and maintenance of the (new) Marienkapelle also had to be financed from the latter third.

The Wilhelmiterkloster on the Frauenberg

Around 1497 the plan came up to build a monastery near the Marienkapelle. After confirmation by Pope Alexander VI. a Dominican monastery was originally to be built on the Marienberg. But the Dominican order refused, the exact reasons are not known. However, there was already a Dominican monastery in Luckau and Lübben probably belonged to the terminating district of the Luckau Dominican monastery (a date in Lübben is documented in 1543). The governor of Lower Lusatia, Heinrich III. von Plauen , Burgrave of Meißen, called instead monks from the Wilhelmitenkloster Orlamünde an der Saale, founded in 1331, to his estate Theusing . He persuaded her to come to Lübben with him to set up a new Wilhelmite monastery on the Frauenberg. He initially provided them with accommodation near the Lübben Castle, the official seat of the governor. He collected the two thirds of the income from the Marian pilgrimage to which the Meißner bishop and the archdeacon of Niederlausitz were entitled and made them available for the construction of the monastery. The protests of the Meißner bishop and the archiadeacon were very clearly rejected by the Bohemian king and overlord of Lower Lusatia, Vladislav II . In 1498 he recommended the Lower Lusatian estates to promote the new monastery. The monastery was headed by a prior. In worldly matters the monastery was represented by a ruler. In 1535 Jan Tunkel von Bernitzko , the son of the Lower Lusatian governor Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko , was still the head of the monastery .

In 1515/6 the bishop and cathedral chapter of Meissen complained about the monks that they behaved like mendicant monks and led a sinful life, even encouraging other people to sin. Further complaints about the monastery and its monks followed in 1520. By the beginning of the 1530s, the convent was probably already in the process of dissolution. In 1537 the convent was orphaned and all monks had died. Thereupon Ferdinand I, in his function as Bohemian king and sovereign of Niederlausitz, ordered his governor Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko to make an inventory of the monastery’s income and assets.

Ownership history

When it was founded, the Wilhelmiterkloster became the successor to the Marienkapelle. Overall, the ownership of the monastery remained quite modest. In 1526 the monastery paid 8 guilders tax to the Lower Lusatian estates. At a tax rate of 8 florins per 1000 florins assets, there is an approximate idea of ​​monastery ownership. It is also often not clear which of the later monastery possessions go back to acquisitions of the Marienkapelle or which were only acquired during the time of the monastery. In 1479 the box of the Marienkapelle on the Frauenberg had acquired half of the village of Treppendorf from a citizen of Luckau. A few years after it was founded, the monastery received rental and interest income in Zaacko. 1501 received the convent from Heinrich III. von Plauen several ponds in Krossen and some fields in Hartmannsdorf. In 1504 the monastery received a vineyard in front of Lübben as a gift from a Lübben family. We are only informed about the basic pensions and rights belonging to the monastery when Johann von Wehlen was enfeoffed with the former monastery property in 1543.

  • Frauenberg . The Vorwerk on Frauenberg with buildings, fields, vineyards, ponds, and rights to construction and firewood in the Lübbener Heide
  • Treppendorf , half of the village
  • Egsdorf , a rural estate
  • Zaacko , a rural property
  • Neuendorf , fully owned
  • Garrenchen , two outbuildings
  • Baal , Vorwerk, no longer exists ( )World icon
  • Krusty , some ponds
  • several fields on the Feldmark Hartmannsdorf
  • Lübben (Spreewald), a vineyard in front of the city walls
  • Terpt and Siegadel . In 1508 Landvogt Georg von Schellenberg gave Caspar von Köckritz to Friedland ( Fridelanth ) and Lieberose ( Luberosse ) his consent to the redemption of 6 guilders interest with 80 Rhenish guilders for the Wilhelmiterkloster before Lübben ( to the gestyft of our dear frawen bergk before Lübben ) . Since 1518, however, the monastery led a legal dispute with the von Köckritz family in Friedland over the villages of Terpt and Siegadel. It is unclear what claims the monks relied on. Ultimately, the von Köckritz family remained in the possession of the two villages, probably also because the monastery was dissolved.

The economic basis of the monastery was a rented estate. The convention does not seem to have operated its own economy, despite the proximity of the Vorwerk on the Frauenberg.

Monastery building

Nothing of the monastery buildings has survived above ground. The Marienkapelle and monastery church had already been demolished in the 1540s. Archaeological investigations on the site have not yet been undertaken.

Re-use of the monastery property

After the inventory of the monastery property was made in 1537, the fate of the monastery properties remains unclear for a few years. On November 11, 1543, the bailiff of Lower Lusatia, Albrecht Graf Schlick, enfeoffed his chancellor Jhan von Welenn (Johann von Wehlen) with the mountain before Lübben, including the associated villages of Neuendorf and half of Treppendorf and other possessions, to a free Mannerblehen (knight's fief). The Vorwerk remained in the possession of the von Wehlen family until 1663. After that, the Frauenberg manor changed hands several times.

Since 1872, the Lower Lusatia Land Poor and Corrigendum Institute was built on the site . Later a mental hospital was built there. Today the Asklepios Specialist Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry is located there .

In the 16th century there lived 8 cottages on the Vorwerk on the Frauenberg. In the 19th century, the estate and community district of Frauenberg was formed there.

supporting documents

literature

  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0 (pp. 60-74).
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 1, Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (in the following abbreviated Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 1 with corresponding page number).
  • Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Publisher of the Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933 (hereinafter abbreviated to Lippert, Document Book III, with corresponding page number).
  • Klaus Neitmann: Lübben Wilhelmiter. In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann, Winfried Schich (eds.): Brandenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century. 2. Volume, 843–849, be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin 2007 ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 (Brandenburg Historical Studies, Volume 14)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gertraud Eva Schrage: The Archdiakonat Niederlausitz and its officials from the 13th to the 16th century. In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann, Uwe Tresp: The Lower and Upper Lusatia - Contours of an Integration Landscape Volume I: Middle Ages , pp. 84-138, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2013 ISBN 978-3-86732-160-0
  2. ^ Lippert, Urkundenbuch III, p. 191.
  3. ^ Lippert, Urkundenbuch III, p. 193.
  4. ^ Lippert, Urkundenbuch III, p. 194.
  5. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Georg von Schellenberg etc., Landvogt der Lausitz, enfeoffed Caspar von Köckritz (Kockeritz), Ritter, on Friedland (Fridelanth) and Lieberose (Luberosse) - based on one of Sigismund [I. , current King of Poland, at the time of his governorship in Silesia (Slesienn) and Lusatia - as governor authorized by King Wladislaw [II.] of Hungary (hunger) and Bohemia (Behem) with the goods and income listed below in the village of Terpt and from a farmer in the village of Hindenberg, namely: from Petter Lueßke 20 groschen, 6 bushels of grain, 6 bushels of oats; from Frentzel Lehmann 36 groschen; from Jelse Ryeke 7 groschen 3 pfennigs; by Urban Clawyn 7 groschen 3 pfennigs, 1 1/2 bushels of grain, 1 1/2 bushels of oats; by Gerdrudt Spretzin 7 1/2 groschen, 3 bushels of grain, 3 bushels of oats; by Caspar Capatz 23 groschen, 9 bushels of grain, 9 bushels of oats; by Donatt Krüger 3 bushels of grain, 3 bushels of oats; from Dreno 10 groschen, 2 bushels of grain, 2 bushels of oats; by Petter Luesßk 22 groschen, 2 bushels of grain, 2 bushels of oats; by Valentin (Valltyn) Clawyn 22 groschen, 2 bushels of grain, 2 bushels of oats; from Lywa 20 groschen, 2 bushels of grain, 2 bushels of oats; by Georg Mertschen 21 groschen. Furthermore, he gives his consent to the redemption of 6 guilders interest with 80 Rhenish guilders for the Wilhelmiterkloster in front of Lübben (to the gestyft of the long up our dear frawen bergk in front of Lübben). (if not for Lubben, Cristi was born in the fifteen hundredth and eighth year, because Sontagk is still Michaelis). 1508 October 1.]
  6. ↑ Lippert, Urkundenbuch III, p. 287.
  7. ^ Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, p. 171.

annotation

  1. ↑ The spelling Wilhelmite r kloster , which is common in regional historical literature (Neitmann, Houwald, Lehmann and Lippert), is used here, in contrast to the designation Wilhelmite n kloster for most of the other Wilhelmite monasteries.

Coordinates: 51 ° 56 ′ 52 ″  N , 13 ° 52 ′ 55 ″  E