Fred Waring

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Fred Waring (born June 9, 1900 in Tyrone , Pennsylvania , †  July 29, 1984 in State College , Pennsylvania) was a popular American musician and band leader . He was best known for his radio and television shows , which gave him the nickname “The Man who taught America how to sing” , “The man who taught America how to sing” . He is considered one of the pioneers of American show business and is one of the few stars to have three stars on the Walk of Fame are dedicated.

Life

Fred Waring was born Fredrick Malcolm Waring in Tyrone, Blair County . His parents were Jesse and Frank Waring, who had another son named Tom. During his teenage years , Fred, Tom and their mutual friend Poley McClintock formed the Waring-McClintock Snap Orchestra , which later became Fred Waring's Banjo Orchestra . The band made their first appearances at college and university parties and achieved a certain local notoriety.

He studied architecture and civil engineering at Pennsylvania State University for some time until his "Banjo Orchestra" became so successful that he gave up his studies to go on tour with the band, which was now called Fred Waring and his Pennsylvanians can. From 1923 to 1932 " Waring's Pennsylvanians " were one of the best-selling bands of the then largest record label Victor Records .

At the end of 1932, Fred Waring switched to radio, where he presented very successful shows and broadcasts during the Second World War and up until the early 1950s. He was also able to perform weekly on CBS with his Fred Waring Show between 1948 and 1954 .

Fred Waring and the rights of the interpreters

Waring was one of the first musicians in the USA to lobby for the recognition of performing rights. In contrast to the composers for their works - on whose side a collecting society, the ASCAP , had existed for many years - performing musicians - instrumentalists, singers, conductors - received no copyright to their sound recordings in the USA in the early 1930s and consequently no royalties for them their use in dance halls and especially on the radio. The musicians' union AFM , which was already powerful at the time , was not involved in this regard, as it was interested in fighting sound recordings in general in order to preserve jobs for live musicians and radio musicians. This position appeared to Waring as no longer in line with his interests, as he was aware of the popularity of the use of sound recordings on the radio and their range. In 1934/1935 he therefore founded the National Organization of Performing Artists (NAPA) to enforce the exploitation rights of performing musicians on their recordings. With the help of the New York attorney Maurice J. Speiser - whose other clients included Ernest Hemingway - Waring actually succeeded in obtaining a corresponding right in 1937 before the highest court of the state of Pennsylvania. Based on state common law, the state's Supreme Court awarded him royalties against the WDAS Broadcasting Station that had broadcast his recordings. However, a corresponding decision would have to be fought for separately for each further US state, as there was no corresponding federal regulation. This attempt failed when, in 1940, a New York court in a procedure also operated by the NAPA came to the contrary decision by the eminent judge Learned Hand : After the publication, the interpreter would no longer have the right to the sound recording he had made. This view prevailed in the United States for about a decade. Nevertheless, Waring's credit for having brought the important question of interpreter rights in the USA into the focus of legal discussion.

The Waring mixer

In the 1930s, inventor Frederick Jacob Osius came to Waring to ask for financial support for an electric stand mixer that he had patented. The Osius patent (# 2,109,501) was filed March 13, 1937 and granted March 1, 1938. After considerable investment, Waring's “Miracle Mixer” was introduced during the “National Restaurant Show” in Chicago and sold for US $ 29.75 . In 1938, Fred Waring renamed his “Miracle Mixer Corporation” to “Waring Corporation” and the mixer was offered as “Waring Blendor” (the “o” in blendor should be a slight distinction to “blender” - English for mixer).

The “Waring Blendor” became an important tool in hospitals when introducing specific diets and in scientific research. Jonas Salk used it when he was developing his vaccine against polio . In 1954 the millionth “Waring Blendor” was sold.

Honourings and prices

In 1983 he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by President Ronald Reagan for his services . He was also awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame / Category Music Recordings , the Hollywood Walk of Fame / Category Radio and the Hollywood Walk of Fame / Category Television .

literature

  • Virginia Waring: Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. 2007.
  • Rudolf Max Littauer : The Waring Case . TM. Bull. (NS) 32 (1937), p. 377 ff.
  • Vern Countryman: The Organized Musicians . U. Chicago L. Rev. 16 (1949), pp. 56 ff., 239 ff.
  • Harry P. Warner: Unfair Competition and Protection of Radio and Television Programs II . Washington Law Quarterly 1950, pp. 498 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Biography of Fred Waring of Penn State University Libraries . Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  2. ^ Red Hot Jazz: Waring's Pennsylvanians. Accessed August 6, 2018.
  3. ^ Virginia Waring: Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. 2007, p. 139 ff (English).
  4. ^ Vern Countryman: The Organized Musicians. U. Chicago L. Rev. 16 (1949), p. 56 ff (English).
  5. ↑ Simon Apel: The performing musician in the law of Germany and the USA. 2011, p. 105 f .; ders., The development of the protection of interpreters in Germany and the USA from 1877 to 1945 , ZGE 4 (2012), 1, p. 26 f.
  6. ↑ 1880-1948, about him Jill M. Jividen: The Power of An Attorney: Business and Friendship between Ernest Hemingway and Maurice J. Speiser. PhD Thesis, University of South Carolina 2008, p. 5 ff.
  7. ^ F. Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station , 27 Pa. D & CS 297 ff.
  8. ↑ Milton Diamond, Jerome H. Adler: Proposed Copyright Revision and Phonograph Records. Air L. Rev. 11 (1940), pp. 29, 44.
  9. ^ RCA MFG Co., Inc. v. Whiteman ,, 114 Fed.2d, pp. 86 ff.
  10. ↑ Simon Apel: The performing musician in the law of Germany and the USA. 2011, p. 133 ff., 147 ff.
  11. ↑ Canadian Patent # 383356: Drink Mixer, Aug. 15, 1939. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  12. ^ Mary Bellis: The History of the Blender. In: thoughtco.com , April 16, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2018.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Waring, Fred
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waring, Fredrick Malcolm (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American musician
DATE OF BIRTH June 9, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Tyrone , Pennsylvania
DATE OF DEATH July 29, 1984
Place of death State College , Pennsylvania