Peace of Swishtov

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House with the plaque where the Swishtov peace was signed
Leopold II.
Selim III.

The Peace of Swishtow , out of date and known primarily in Austria as the Peace of Sistowa , was a peace agreement of August 4, 1791 that ended the last of the Austrian Turkish Wars.

Emperor Joseph II took part in Tsarina Katharina II's war against the Ottoman Empire in 1787 , because both hoped to gain land at the expense of the Sublime Porte . The Austrians involved the Ottomans in battles in Serbia , Galicia and Transylvania . The Turkish army invaded the Banat . Although the Habsburg army was able to take Belgrade on October 8, 1789 and also record a victory at Kalafat over the Ottomans on June 26, 1790, the general political weather situation changed during this time due to the French Revolution .

Emperor Josef II died in 1790 . His brother Leopold II succeeded him on the throne of the empire as King of Hungary , Croatia and Bohemia . The Reichenbach (today's Dzierżoniów ) Convention of July 27, 1790 between Prussia and Austria avoided a conflict between the two states. Leopold II also undertook to conclude an armistice and peace with the Ottoman Empire on the basis of the status quo . The armistice with the Ottomans was signed in Giurgiu on September 17, 1790 .

The peace negotiations took place in the then Ottoman Danube town of Sistowa, today's Bulgarian Swishtov . Austria was represented by Peter Philipp Herbert, Freiherr von Rathkeal and Count Nikolaus Esterházy de Galantha . The Sublime Porte sent Abdullah Birri Efendi. Great Britain, the States General and Prussia acted as mediators. The final peace agreement between Emperor Leopold II and Sultan Selim III. brought the Habsburg Empire only the incorporation of Old Orşova into Hungary, as well as a border straightening on the Unna, today's Una , a river that still forms the border between Croatia and Bosnia today. Otherwise, the common border of the two kingdoms was set according to the status of 1788. Austria stayed out of further Turkish wars in the following decades and did not participate in the Russian expansion of the south in the 19th century.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander M. Randa: Handbuch der Weltgeschichte, Volume 3 , Verlag Walter, 1962, p. 2061
  2. ^ Mathias Bernath, Karl Nehring: Historische Bücherkunde Südosteuropa, Volume 3 , Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1988, p. 90
  3. ^ Nataša Mišković: Bazaars and Boulevards: Belgrade in the 19th Century in Volume 2; Volume 29 of Zur Kunde Südosteuropas , Böhlau Verlag Wien, 2008, p. 66
  4. ↑ Klaus Kreiser: The Ottoman State 1300-1922 in Volume 30 of Oldenbourg Outline of History , Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2001, p. 34