Friedrich von Ingenohl

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Friedrich von Ingenohl

Gustav Heinrich Ernst Friedrich von Ingenohl (born June 30, 1857 in Neuwied , † December 19, 1933 in Berlin ) was a German naval officer , most recently an admiral and chief of the deep sea fleet of the Imperial Navy .

Life

Ingenohl joined the Imperial Navy as a cadet on April 12, 1874. After his basic training on land and on the training ship Niobe , he completed the naval school and was promoted to sub-lieutenant at sea on 19 November 1878 with a patent from 19 December 1877 . After various on-board and land commands, Ingenohl resigned his departure to Zanzibar in October 1885 in order to be on duty on the gunboats hyena and seagull used in the station service. He returned to Germany in August 1886 and again had various on-board commands until Ingenohl finally became the commander of the torpedo boat S 34 on May 1, 1888 . From October 1888 to April 1889 he graduated from the 1st Coetus at the Naval Academy. This was followed by brief assignments in the II. Sailor Division, on the Hohenzollern and on the Aviso Pommerania , before he successfully completed the II. Coetus at the Naval Academy by early April 1890. Ingenohl was then briefly available to the II. Marine Inspection, came for a year as a battery officer on the ironclad Prussia and acted from April 20, 1891 to March 31, 1892 as an adjutant on the staff of the North Sea naval station . He then worked in the Navy High Command until October 17, 1894. Ingenohl then emigrated to Shanghai and was in command of the Iltis gunboat from November 27, 1894 to April 9, 1896 . During the journey home from Hong Kong he was promoted to corvette captain on April 13, 1896 . After serving in the high command of the Navy and as first officer on the armored ship Wörth , Ingenohl was transferred to the Reichsmarineamt on September 25, 1897 . Here he worked as a department head in the department for military questions relating to ship construction and weapons training until September 30, 1901. Ingenohl was then transferred back to East Asia and used as commandant of the Empress Augusta and Hertha . During his service there, Ingenohl became a sea captain on March 15, 1902 . Returned to Germany in January 1904, he was appointed head of the department in the Admiralty's staff. On October 4, 1904, he was appointed commander of the Imperial Yacht Hohenzollern and on June 28, 1906, the Emperor's wing adjutant . The ship commanded Ingenohl intermittently until September 30, 1908. Meanwhile, the Rear Admiral promoted, he was then the second Admiral of the Squadron I and 2. Admiral of the cruiser squadron. On May 18, 1909, he was commissioned to lead the cruiser squadron and, at the same time as his promotion to Vice Admiral, on January 27, 1910, he was appointed chief. Ingenohl was released from this command on June 6, 1910. He started his journey home via Tsingtau , was then at the disposal of the chief of the naval station of the Baltic Sea and was appointed chief of the 2nd squadron on September 25, 1910. From January 30th to November 14th, 1913 he was entrusted with the management of the ocean-going fleet and was promoted to Admiral on November 15th, 1913.

First World War

Ingenohl's intention to bring about a decisive battle against the British Navy soon after the start of the war in August 1914 was not supported by the Admiralty . He therefore always looked for smaller battles in order to induce the opponent to careless counter-attacks, in which one could gain a decisive advantage. Ingenohl was denied the necessary luck. In the sea ​​battle near Helgoland on August 28, 1914, the Imperial Navy lost three small cruisers and a torpedo boat , the Royal Navy lost no ships.

On January 23, 1915, Ingenohl, assuming the British Grand Fleet was in its ports, ordered a cruiser squadron to reconnaissance in the direction of Doggerbank . Since a meeting with strong enemy formations seemed unlikely, he ordered no cover of the operation by capital ships. Successful radio reconnaissance on the British side led to the expiry of a strong unit and the battle on the Dogger Bank on January 24th. The renewed failure meant that Ingenohl was replaced on February 2, together with his Chief of Staff , Vice Admiral Richard Eckermann . Admiral Hugo von Pohl took over his post . Ingenohl was then appointed head of the Baltic Sea Naval Station. From this post he was dismissed on August 13, 1915 and made available for disposition and at the same time à la suite of the naval officer corps.

Awards

Ingenohl was raised to hereditary nobility on January 27, 1909 by Wilhelm II . For his longstanding achievements in peace and war, he had received the following medals and decorations :

literature

  • Dermot Bradley (eds.), Hans H. Hildebrand, Ernest Henriot: Germany's Admirals 1849-1945. The military careers of naval, engineering, medical, weapons and administrative officers with admiral rank. Volume 1: A-G. Biblio Publishing House. Osnabrück 1988. ISBN 3-7648-1499-3 . Pp. 160-162.
  • Werner Rahn : The influence of radio reconnaissance. In: Winfried Heinemann (Ed.): Leadership and means of leadership. ( Potsdam writings on military history. 14). Military History Research Office . Potsdam 2011. ISBN 978-3-941571-14-3 . OCLC 812193913 .
  • Wolfram Sauerbrei: Ingenohl. Four stars on a blue background. A new family, an admiral and more ... Kehrein. Neuwied 1999. ISBN 3-9803266-9-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Rahn: The influence of radio reconnaissance. 2011. pp. 21-22.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Marinekabinett (ed.): Ranking list of the Imperial German Navy. ES Mittler & Sohn . Berlin 1918. p. 5.
personal data
SURNAME Ingenohl, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ingenohl, Gustav Heinrich Ernst Friedrich von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German admiral and chief of the German deep sea fleet
DATE OF BIRTH June 30, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuwied
DATE OF DEATH December 19, 1933
Place of death Berlin