Hohenzollern (ship, 1880)
 The Hohenzollern in a painting
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
The Hohenzollern was a state yacht of the German Empire . It served the German emperors for representative purposes. The ship belonged to the Imperial Navy and was listed as an Aviso in the list of warships. With the launch of the replacement yacht of the same name on June 27, 1892, the ship was renamed Kaiseradler .
construction
At the beginning of the 1870s there was a need to build a new state yacht for the emperor of the German Empire founded in early 1871 . The Grille , which had previously been used as a yacht, no longer seemed suitable for representation purposes due to its small size and unseaworthy seaworthiness. Therefore, the Kiel- based Norddeutsche Schiffbau AG was commissioned in 1874 with the creation of a design for a new yacht, and in the following year with its construction. The ship was ready for launch on July 5, 1876. The director of the Admiralty , Rear Admiral Ludwig Henk , named it Hohenzollern after the ancestral home of the Prussian kings . The completion of the ship dragged on until the spring of 1880.
technology
The Hohenzollern was designed as a transverse frame iron construction, but had wooden decks. The hull was divided into six watertight compartments. The design displacement was calculated to be 1707 t , the maximum displacement of the operational ship was 1962 t. The hull was a total of 90.65 m long, the construction waterline was 81.9 m. The maximum width of the ship was 17.7 m, of which a considerable part was accounted for by the two side boxes of the paddle wheels . The hull itself measured 10.36 m at its widest point. At maximum displacement, the draft was 4.24 m forward and 4.66 m aft.
The electrical equipment of the Hohenzollern was operated with a voltage of 67 V. It was fed by three generators , which together produced an output of 31 kW.
The crew consisted of nine officers and 136 to 145 men .
The Hohenzollern was considered a good seagoing ship, but had to struggle with the disadvantages of the wheel drive. For example, steering with the rudder was not possible when driving backwards. In strong seas the ship took over a lot of water, but lost little speed towards the sea.
Propulsion system
The machine system consisted of a two-cylinder oscillating steam engine from F. A. Eggels in Berlin . These were supplied with steam from six transverse suitcase boilers from the same manufacturer. Four of them were in the boiler room in front of the engine room, the other two behind it. The boilers had a total of 22 furnaces and a heating surface of 1018 m². They generated a vapor pressure of 2 atm . The steam engine was supposed to generate 3000 PSi , but exceeded this value by 180 PSi. It acted on the two paddle wheels attached to the side of the fuselage, which were 8.23 m in diameter and each had twelve blades. The propulsion system was able to accelerate the Hohenzollern to a maximum speed of 15.7 kn . The carried fuel supply of 220 tons of coal gave the ship a range of 1870 nm at a cruising speed of 10 knots.
The Hohenzollern had rigging to support the steam drive . The ship was rigged as a schooner and provided with a sail area of 356 m² on two masts.
Armament
The original armament consisted of two guns designed as a magnificent 12.5-cm L / 23 - ring cannons . These were a gift from the Essen company Krupp and had a maximum firing range of 5.4 km. A total of 180 rounds of ammunition were carried on board for the guns. In 1884 the Hohenzollerns were embraced . Instead of the 12.5 cm guns, two 8.7 cm L / 24 Rk were installed, which had a range of 4.7 km. In addition, five 3.7 cm revolver cannons with a range of 3.2 km came on board. For the 8.7 cm guns, 220 rounds were in stock, for the revolver cannons 2200 rounds of ammunition.
The ostentatious artillery was later exhibited in the Museum of Oceanography and the Armory in Berlin and has been considered lost since 1945.
commitment
The Hohenzollern was first put into service on April 10, 1880 and initially carried out the usual test drives. After an interruption from May 12th to 20th due to a stay in the shipyard, these were completed in mid-June. The first use as a state yacht took place from July 22nd to 28th, when Crown Prince Friedrich and Prince Wilhelm were on board. From the Hohenzollern both observed various maneuvers, including the laying of a mine barrier and the sinking of the Barbarossa by a sharp torpedo shot by the Zieten , as well as the launching of the Baden . On September 29, they both stayed on the yacht again to meet Prince Adalbert , who was returning from a trip around the world . The later Grand Admiral Prince Heinrich of Prussia took part in this almost two-year circumnavigation of the world with the rank of sub-lieutenant at sea . The Hohenzollern was decommissioned on November 11th.
In 1881 the yacht was only activated from September 1st to September 27th. After the conclusion of the three emperor's union in June 1881, Tsar Alexander III met in the Putziger Wiek . and Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismarck , who were on board the Hohenzollern on September 9 and 10 . On September 17, the emperor observed maneuvers of the fleet from the yacht. He triggered the electric ignition of a mine, the explosion of which sank a rowing cannon sloop . There was also a sharp torpedo shot by the Blücher on the Hulk Elbe .
The next commissioning of the Hohenzollern came after Wilhelm II ascended the throne in 1888. The yacht was put into service on July 5th under the command of Prince Heinrich. On July 14th, the new emperor began a visit to the monarchs of Russia , Sweden and Denmark in Saint Petersburg , Stockholm and Copenhagen . At the end of the month the Hohenzollern was back in Kiel. In September, the emperor, who was enthusiastic about the navy, watched the autumn maneuvers from the yacht. On September 29, the ship was decommissioned.
The Hohenzollern was reactivated on May 28, 1889. From July 1st to July 27th the yacht served the emperor on a north country voyage that led to the North Cape . He also used the ship from July 31 to August 10 for Wilhelm’s visit to his grandmother Queen Victoria shortly afterwards . In October and November the imperial couple took the yacht on a trip to Greece to attend the wedding of Wilhelm's sister, Princess Sophie of Prussia . The Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II in Constantinople and the Austrian Empress Elisabeth in Corfu were also visited. After returning to Kiel, the crew of the Hohenzollern was reduced, but the ship remained in service.
After the crew had been replenished to the target strength in April 1890, Wilhelm II undertook a visit to Oskar II as Norwegian ruler and to King Leopold II of Belgium at the end of June . On August 9th, the Hohenzollern family brought the emperor to Heligoland , which was officially taken over on that day. Also in August, Wilhelm finally met Alexander III. in Kronstadt . The meeting was intended to prevent a Russian-French rapprochement after the reinsurance treaty had expired , but remained inconclusive. As the Hohenzollern had to be overhauled , the yacht was decommissioned on December 16.
On June 2, 1891, the ship could be put back into service. The emperor used the ship to visit Queen Emma in the Netherlands as well as for a trip to Norway again leading to the North Cape. From October the former sailing served training ship Niobe during the winter as a barge for the turn reduced crew of Hohenzollern . After another meeting between Wilhelm II and Alexander III. the yacht was in Szczecin from June 25th . Two days later, Avisos St , the new imperial yacht, was launched there. Since this was in turn baptized with the name Hohenzollern , the old paddle steamer was given the name Imperial Eagle . Launched under this name on February 2, the cruiser has been renamed Seeadler . In July there was a trip to Norway leading to Tromsø . On July 27, the Kaiseradler stayed in Wilhelmshaven , where the armored ship Heimdall , christened by the Kaiser , was launched. At the beginning of August the yacht brought Wilhelm to a visit from Queen Victoria to Cowes . From September 25 to October 6, the ship was on its way to England again, this time with Prince Heinrich and his wife Irene on board. On October 11, the imperial eagle crew was reduced. Since the new Hohenzollern was put into service on April 8, 1893, it was no longer necessary to use the Imperial Eagle as a state yacht. The ship was therefore decommissioned on October 16, 1893.
The imperial eagle was last used in the summer of 1895 . The ship was put into service on June 1st and was involved in the inauguration of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal on June 21st. During the festivities, several guests of honor were on board the Aviso , including King Albert of Saxony , King Wilhelm II of Württemberg and Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria . The last decommissioning of the ship took place on August 28th.
Whereabouts
Temporary considerations to make the imperial eagle available to Crown Prince Wilhelm were not implemented. The Aviso was transferred to Danzig in the spring of 1906 and was there at the Imperial Shipyard for the following years . On May 26, 1909, it was deleted from the list of warships. The imperial eagle was to be auctioned in November 1909 and August 1, 1910, but was not sold due to insufficient bids. The attempt by the Danzig shipyard JW Klawitter to sell the yacht to a Chilean shipping company also failed. Ultimately, at the end of July 1912, the Aviso became the property of the Handelsgesellschaft für Army, Marine und Großbetriebe mbH in Geestemünde . The cladding of the paddle wheels was handed over to the local museum in Vegesack , and the furniture and other inventory were sold to officers who used to work on board the ship. The Imperial Eagle was scrapped in Gdansk in 1912. This ended the yacht's existence eight years before the Grille , which it was originally intended to replace.
Commanders
| April 10 to November 11, 1880 | Corvette Captain von Nostitz |
| September 1st to 27th, 1881 | Captain of the sea from Nostitz |
| July 5 to September 29, 1888 | Corvette Captain Heinrich of Prussia |
| May 28 to December 1889 | Sea captain Volkmar von Arnim |
| December 1889 to March 1890 | Captain Alfred Breusing (reduced crew) |
| April to September 1890 | Sea captain Volkmar von Arnim |
| September 16 to December 16, 1890 | Lieutenant Oskar von Truppel (reduced crew) |
| June 2 to September 1891 | Sea captain Volkmar von Arnim |
| September 1891 to April 1892 | Captain Hermann Gercke (reduced crew) |
| April to October 1892 | Sea captain Volkmar von Arnim |
| October 1892 to October 1893 | Captain Hermann Gercke (reduced crew) |
| June 1 to August 28, 1895 | Corvette Captain Oscar Staircase |
literature
- Gröner, Erich : The German warships 1815–1945 . tape 2 : Special ships, auxiliary war ships, auxiliary ships, small ship formations . JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1968, p. 600 .
- Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 4 : Ship biographies from Greif to Kaiser . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen, S. 170-172 .
- Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 5 : Ship biographies from Kaiser to Lütjens . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen, S. 68 .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ According to Gröner, the ship was given to the Crown Prince in 1904. (Gröner p. 600)
Cricket | Hohenzollern (1880, later Imperial Eagle ) | Hohenzollern (1893) | Hohenzollern (1914, trunk not baptized)