Friedrich von Sonnenburg

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Friedrich von Sonnenburg in the representation of the Codex Manesse (around 1300)

Friedrich von Sonnenburg was a South Tyrolean poet and singer in the 2nd half of the 13th century. He is the author of sayings on religious and political issues. The time of his literary work is believed to be between 1247 and 1275. As a song poet , he devoted himself in some songs to the arduous life of the travelers, to whom he himself belonged. Later he is counted among the twelve old "masters" .

Life

Little is known of the singer's life, and there are no documents at all. His home was very likely the Sonnenburg in the South Tyrolean Puster Valley near St. Lorenzen. It was a Benedictine abbey that was founded in 1020 by the Counts of Lurn . It is believed that he came from the local ministerial family. As can be seen from his sayings, Friedrich von Sonnenburg was a professional poet, and as such he traveled to numerous courts, the only place to be identified was the Bavarian ducal court. In addition, a verse by the singer indicates his participation in King Ottokar's campaign against the Hungarians in 1271. Where else his wanderings may have led him cannot be deduced from the songs, just as nothing else can be learned about the person of the poet. His death is believed to be between 1275 and 1287.

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Lore

73 extant stanzas are attributed to Friedrich von Sonnenburg, the largest parts of which are in the Great Heidelberger Liederhandschrift C ( Codex Manesse , 26 stanzas), the Little Heidelberger Liederhandschrift A (10 stanzas) and especially in the Jenaer Liederhandschrift J (62 stanzas) are found. In addition, five of his stanzas are preserved in Codex Sangallensis 857 , a South Tyrolean manuscript which, apart from these songs, only contains works of an epic character, including, for example, 'Parzival' and the 'Nibelungenlied'. He is assigned four saying tones , which have also been adopted by other well-known singers such as Konrad von Würzburg .

content

In his repertoire you can find everything that the song poet had to offer in the Middle Ages: didactic and moral, political and entertainment, religious, praise and scolding. A large part of his songs deal with the profession of traveling , the "happy" ones. In it he emphasizes the usefulness of the traveling singer for the nobles and places art in the service of God. He praises his profession and its importance in medieval society with striking self-confidence. In doing so, he turns against the attempts to defame travelers by the church and becomes the spokesman for a group without rights. He wrote four justification stanzas, which explicitly refer to the way of life and employment of travelers. This unprecedented defense of his profession made him a well-known figure among his poet colleagues and earned him respect, so that he was also mentioned in the songs of later song poets, such as those by Lupold Hornburg von Würzburg .

Text example

One of the justification stanzas of Friedrich von Sonnenburg:

Swer giht, the guot give
the likes to the möhtenz so maere
the tiuvel stozen in the munt,
the liuget nides vaz.
Diu wise more like to be kunt to me:
si hazzent reveal
untriuwe, unvuore, unrehtez live -
with gote I educate daz:
si gernt through got des man in git
and wish ane lougen
the giving salvation ze all
quote,
you have got in front of eyes, you enpfahent godly name
and hant ze Kriste pledges;
Ouch you can be ashamed of your sins
and ask for cristleness - because no tiuvel doesn’t!

Translation:

Who says that those who give something to those who want something could just as easily stuff it in the mouth of the devil who lies, this jealous hammel! I know the way of life of those who desire: they obviously hate infidelity, debauchery, immoral life. For this I call on God as a witness! They covet [in God's name] what is given to them and sincerely wish happiness and blessings to those who give them at all times. They have God before their eyes, they receive the body of God and cultivate fellowship with Christ. They can also be ashamed of their sins and pray for Christianity - no devil does that!

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The sayings of Friedrich von Sonnenburg , ed. by Achim Masser, Tübingen, Niemeyer 1979, p. 46.
  2. ^ Fritz Peter Knapp, The Literature of the Early and High Middle Ages , Graz, Akademischer Verlag 1994, p. 481.

literature

  • The sayings of Friedrich von Sonnenburg . Edited by Achim Masser. Old German Text Library 86. Tübingen, Niemeyer 1979, ISBN 3-484-20100-2
  • Fritz Peter Knapp: The literature of the early and high Middle Ages in the dioceses of Passau, Salzburg, Brixen and Trient. From the beginning until 1273 . History of literature in Austria. From the beginning to the present 1. Graz, Akademischer Verlag 1994, ISBN 978-3-201-01611-7
  • Elke Ukena-Best: "diu rehte art is god's messenger". Strategies of hearing and public conviction in Friedrich von Sonnenburg's 'art' saying . In: Wirkendes Wort 57, Trier 2007, pp. 185–193.
  • Max Siller: Sangspring poetry in Tyrol . In: Music history of Tyrol. From the beginning to the early modern era. Volume 1, Innsbruck 2001, pp. 423-441, ISBN 3-7030-0348-0
  • Ulrich Müller, Franz Viktor Spechtler: "Si vragent like the künic from Rome Ruodolf, I feel comfortable". Friedrich von Sonnenburg on Rudolf von Habsburg . In: Questions of song interpretation. Edited by Hedda Ragotzky, Stuttgart 2001, pp. 135–157, ISBN 3-7776-1132-8
  • Gisela Kornrumpf : Friedrich von Sonnenburg . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author's Lexicon , Volume 2. Ed. By Burghart Wachinger, Gundolf Keil and Kurt Ruh , 1980, Sp. 962ff.
  • Hellmut Rosenfeld:  Friedrich von Sunnenburg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 600 ( digitized version ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Friedrich von Sonnenburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Poet from the ministerial family of the Burgraves of Sonnenburg in South Tyrol
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH 13th century or 14th century