Fritz During

Fritz During (born March 31, 1910 in Burg ; † April 8, 1993 in Preetz ) was a German sculptor and craftsman .

Life

Fritz During was the third child of the family of five, his parents were tailors. After graduating from village school, he learned the carpentry trade in Cottbus . His brother Paul, who had studied painting in Berlin, brought him to Berlin in 1930. Fritz also attended painting and graphic seminars at the United State Schools for Free and Applied Arts , but felt more drawn to sculptural design and decided to study sculpture with Ludwig Gies . Only a small number of works are known from Fritz During's time at the academy due to the destruction of the storage areas during the war, most of them only based on photographs. It is mainly about small sculptures and reliefs that show expressionistic features and elongated proportions.

After completing his training from 1930 to 1936 at the “United State Schools”, he went to Kiel to work as a freelancer for the Kieler Kunstkeramik Edmund Jensen Kiel , the successor to the Kieler Kunst-Keramik AG . For the Kiel Art Ceramics, he made a variety of building ceramics, some of which are still preserved today in Kiel and other cities in Schleswig-Holstein. These are mostly house signs , coats of arms, capitals , figurative building ceramics or door frames made of clinker .

This activity was ended by the Second World War, in which he was drafted as a soldier. After the war, During returned to Northern Germany and from then on lived and worked in Schwentinental / OT Raisdorf as a freelance artist. Works of art in public space are also represented in his oeuvre as well as sculptures and reliefs for the private sector. In 1993 Fritz During died in Preetz. The Fritz During Foundation , which was established after the death of his widow, Käthe During, keeps his artistic estate in Plön.

plant

Outdoor plastic

Pan sculpture from 1971 in Flensburg near Mürwiker Strasse near the Volkspark .

Fritz During left an extremely rich oeuvre in Schleswig-Holstein and especially in Kiel. His main subject was the human being. His main field of work in the 1950s and 1960s was building art . These include large sculptures for the outside area of ​​schools, for other public buildings and for the church sector.

At the beginning of the 1950s During received his first orders for works of art in public spaces in Kiel. Particularly through the regulation of art in building, a lucrative order situation developed for him in connection with the large number of new buildings. The majority of his works for buildings in Kiel were created in the period from 1955 to 1962. In the following years, up to 1972, he increasingly created art in buildings for places in the rest of Schleswig-Holstein. Most of these works are on school grounds and are in the realistic, figurative tradition of sculpture . During's sculptures mostly show motifs with children who are absorbed in an activity. They are characterized by simplicity, simplification and liberation from the moment. The works are gracefully integrated into school operations and are all to be assessed as suitable for children. They are therefore typical examples of building art from the 1950s and 1960s.

Small plastic

Small sculptures for the private sector were another mainstay of Fritz During's art. From 1972 During received hardly any public commissions, which is due not least to the change in the understanding of art among the members of the selection committees. The number of reliefs created is also decreasing and during is increasingly concentrating on small sculptures. From the end of the war, and increasingly from the mid-1970s, he modeled humorous figures in small sculptures. He sought to express typical human behavior in plastic forms. The sculptor has found his own specific form of expression in the small sculpture. His comic characters are shaped by the humor of their creator and cast a critical and ironic look at human behavior. At the end of his life, the artist turned to contemplative, mystical-looking figures who suggest references to his reliefs from his student years and who have a deeply religious background.

Reliefs

Through his academic teacher Ludwig Gies, Fritz During was confronted with relief art at an early stage and designed small medals and plaques as well as small-format reliefs with expressionist features during his student years. In the post-war period, the artist increasingly turned to this sculptural genre, experimenting with various forms of design in order to finally work mostly in the flat, rather strict relief style.

Preserved works by Fritz During in public space

Clinker ceramics in Kiel

• Clausewitzstrasse 2: Two capitals, ~ 1936–39
• Wrangelstrasse 32: Four capitals with fish, ~ 1936–39
• Asmusstr. 1 + 3 (Joachimsplatz): Two reliefs in frames (one woman each), ~ 1938

Works in front of and in Kiel schools

• Gorch-Fock-School: Almost life-size children's group made of ceramics, 1955
• Wellingdorf High School: Fountain with Pan, 1958
• Hans Christian Andersen School: 21 different lamp frames, 1958
• Hans Christian Andersen School: Little Mermaid, 1958
• Hans Christian Andersen School: Storyteller, 1959
• Hans Christian Andersen School: Birds + Lamp, 1958
• Hardenberg School: Hahn, 1960, ceramics
• Hebbelschule: house sign, 1957
• Jahnschule: Fountain sculpture, scuffling boys, 1958
• Reventlow School: Young Girl Arranging Hair, 1980
• Ricarda Huch School: Girls with tires. Well figure, 1962
• School Holtenau: Brigitte, 1961
• School Holtenau: brick relief with children playing and going to school, 1962
• Suchsdorf school: 2 wall reliefs, 1954, assembled ceramic plates

Works in the church sector in Kiel

• Cemetery chapel, Elmschenhagen: brick relief, 1958
• Ostfriedhof chapel: two stucco work, 1954
• Klausdorf Church: Small Altar Cross, 1962
• Matthäuskirche, Gaarden: 12 m long frieze with figures, 1967
• Vineyard chapel: Elmschenhagen: Crucifix, 1956

Works in front of, in and on other public buildings in Kiel

2 children with hangovers in front of the health department in Kiel

• Elmschenhagen, library: water feature, 1965
• Health Department: Two children with a hangover, 1956
• Youth hostel: three ceramic reliefs, 1961
• Youth hostel: Neptune, 1961
• Kieler Nachrichten: Ceramic pillars in the counter hall, 1954
• Klausdorf: Parish hall: St. Georg with dragon, 1965
• Crematorium Kiel: Widow, 1957, ~ 140 cm
• Town hall: Relief series "Citizens are building a new city", 1957 (together with Alwin Blaue)
• Sophienhof pillar (near Karstadt, 1st floor entrance) Detlev v. Liliencron, 1973
• University of Kiel: bronze plaque for Nobel Prize winner Meyerhoff, 1971

Works in Schleswig-Holstein outside of Kiel

• Ahrensburg, secondary school: boys with fliers + kites, 1962
• Bruges, Church: Memorial, 1967
• Bruges, church: tympanum, 1981
• Busenwurth, chapel: Baptismal font in clinker with Noah's Ark, 1963.
• Flensburg, Grenzlandkaserne: coat of arms for arcade, oriel frame with figures, between 1936–39
• Flensburg, Building Management Schleswig-Holstein: Pan, 1971
• Großenbrode, School: Larger relief with children playing, 1969
• Hansün, Village Community School: Boy Playing the Flute, 1969
• Hattstedt, Jens-Iwersen-Schule: Ringstecher, 1967.
• Heikendorf, Fördewanderweg (Möltenort): 2 large steles, 1971
• Hutzfeld, Heinrich Harms School: Goldmarie, fountain sculpture, 1967
• Rethwisch b. Itzehoe, village community school: 2 boys with a rooster, 1964
• Laboe, Kurpark: Boy playing the flute, 1969
• Lütjenburg, School: Girl with a Frog, 1967
• Neumünster, Youth Social Services: Violanda, 1961
• Neumünster, Lyceum: Ceramic fountain with Barbara, 1957
• Oldenburg (Holstein), district building: water feature, 1965
• Oster-Ohrstedt, Elementary and Secondary School: Girl with Flowers (Lieschen), 1967
• Plön, Realschule, Am Schiffsthal: Huckepack, 1975
• Plön, am Schloss: People Sitting in the Sun, 1959
• Preetz, Realschule: Girls with Tires, 1964
• Puttgarden, sports hall: two large bronze reliefs, ~ 1964
• Raisdorf, memorial in the cemetery, 1962
• Raisdorf, Martinskirche: Crucifix, 1960
• Raisdorf, Martinskirche: St. Martin am Tympanon, 1961
• Rammsee, School: Cloud, rotatable in the wind, 1975
• Rendsburg, Artilleriekaserne: Four portraits of the military leaders who were involved in the war in 1864, ~ 1936–39
• Sankt Peter-Ording, Realschule: Wrestling Boys, 1969
• Schellhorn, Elementary School: Ruffing Boys, 1983
• Selent, bronze relief for the church: people with bird, 1987
• Trent, elementary school: boy with a plane, 1970 or later
• Wedel, memorial “Free the prisoners”, 1957
• Wildenhorst, Chapel Wildenhorst: Crucifix, 1955
• Wildenhorst, Chapel Wildenhorst: baptismal font, 1955

Exhibitions

• More than 35 exhibition participations and two large solo exhibitions during his lifetime
• 1994, "Fritz During zum Gedächtnis", Museum of the Plön District
• 1998–2001 permanent exhibition in the Diez am See gallery, Plön
• 2001 “Paul and Fritz During - two artists from Burg. Painting - graphics - sculpture. ”Wendisches Museum, Cottbus
• 2002 “Durings Women”, Plön district administration
• 2010 "Fritz During - The Sculptor and His Models", Museum of the Plön District

Permanent exhibition

In the north wing of the Prinzenhaus zu Plön (Schlossgebiet 10, 24306 Plön) there is a permanent exhibition with works by Fritz During in two rooms.

Awards

• 1959 Culture Prize of the City of Kiel
• 1976 Friedrich Hebbel Prize

Fritz During Foundation in the Plön district

The statutes of the "Fritz-During-Stiftung im Kreis Plön" were drawn up on November 11, 1997 and approved on January 12, 1998. After the artist's widow died in the spring of 1995, the district took over the artistic estate. The foundation capital comes from the sale of the remaining property left to the district, such as the property, the house and the studio of Fritz During in Raisdorf.

literature

• Arp, Joachim: Fritz During - Small Sculpture. Kiel 1970.
• Exhibition cat. Cottbus 2001: Paul and Fritz During - two artists from Burg. Painting - graphics - plastic. Wendisches Museum, Cottbus. Cottbus 2001.
• Exhibition cat. Salzau 1988: Fritz During - Exhibition. Salzau cultural center. Kiel 1988.
• Fritz During 1930 - 191, ed. Schmidt & Klaunig publishing house. Kiel 1992.
• Opper, Dieter: The sculptor Fritz During. For the opening of the exhibition on May 17, 1982 in the Kiel Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In: Yearbook for local history in the Plön district. XII. Vol. 1982, pp. 119-137
• Sutter, Julia: The sculptor Fritz During (1910–1993) - On his life and his “school work”. In: Yearbook for local history in the Plön district. XXXIII. 2003, pp. 41-81

Web links

Commons : Fritz During  - Collection of Images

• Homepage of the Fritz During Foundation in the Plön district
• Fritz During: The almost forgotten artist on May 21, 2020 on ndr.de (broadcast: Schleswig-Holstein Magazin ), accessed on June 1, 2020

Individual evidence

1. ^ KUNST @ SH: Short biography Fritz During. Retrieved May 26, 2020 .