Gaulskopf (Warburger Börde)
| Gaulskopf | ||
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.jpg) Gaulskopf from the east |
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| height | 347.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Ossendorf ; District of Höxter , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Upper Weser Uplands | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 30 '16 " N , 9 ° 2' 53" E | |
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The Gaulskopf is 347.2 m above sea level. NHN high foothills of Stock stone ( 371.1 m ) on the southwestern edge of the Weserbergland belonging Warburger flange . It is located in the Warburg district of Ossendorf in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Höxter . Its plateau was already settled in the Neolithic ; in the early Middle Ages it was supported by a hill fort .
geography
location
The Gaulskopf rises in the south of the Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge nature reserve . Its plateau is about 2.8 km west-south-west of Ossendorf, 2.7 km south of Rimbeck and 3.3 km south-south-east of Scherfede , all of which belong to Warburg, and 3.5 km east -south- east of Wrexen and 2.4 km north-west of Wethen , both for the neighboring Hesse Waldeck-Frankenberg lying community Diemelstadt count. The Diemel flows past northeast . The north, east and south slopes drop off steeply, so that its plateau is only easier to reach from the southwestern Stockstein. To the southwest the landscape leads over to the Quast ( 392.1 m ). Parts of the Asseler forest extend on the elevation.
Natural allocation
The Gaulskopf belongs in the natural spatial main unit group Upper Weserbergland (No. 36) and in the main unit Warburger Börde ( Diemelplatten ; 360) to the subunit Diemelbörde ( Weldaer Waldberge ; 360.1). The landscape falls to the north into the subunit Steigerplatte ( Warburger Platten ; 360.2) and then further into the subunit Große Börde ( Diemel Basin ; 360.0).
Protected areas
Parts of the Asseler Wald nature reserve extend to the Gaulskopf ( CDDA no. 318126; designated 1990; 2.2376 km² in size), to which an area of the multi-part landscape protection area Südlicher Kreis Höxter (CDDA no. 555561177; 1984; 225 , 0967 km²). In addition, parts of the fauna-flora-habitat area Asseler Wald (FFH no. 4420-302; 1.3651 km²) extend to the elevation , to the south the Hessian FFH area Quast near Diemelstadt-Rhoden (FFH no. 4420 -304; 3.0234 km²) borders.
history
Pre and early history
The Gaulskopf plateau was already settled in the Neolithic. Especially at the time of the Michelsberg culture there are numerous traces of settlement, including pottery shards and C14-dated animal bones, which prove the long-term use of the plateau. Similar finds were found on the opposite side of the Diemel in the area of the Rimbeck earthworks and the Calden plant in northern Hesse . Individual pieces can also be assigned to the late Neolithic (approx. 2800–2000 BC), as well as the Bronze Age or early Iron Age. It is unclear whether the plateau was walled in prehistoric times.
Early middle ages
It was not until the early Middle Ages that there was evidence of an intensive settlement on the Gaulskopf. At that time it was protected by a wall and had one of the oldest and most important ramparts in early medieval Westphalia. A total of around 300 m long and 100 to 150 m wide is enclosed by the wall. To the west, the fortified area was secured by an approximately 3 m high and at the base 10 m wide wall. A 10 m long pincer gate that narrowed to about 3 m was located on the east side.
Finds show a settlement since the middle of the 7th century. These include military items such as the pyramid-shaped attachment button on a long sword, but also pearls. In addition, the production of belt fittings can be verified. It is assumed that the protected hill was expanded in the course of the conflict between Saxony and Franconia. The wall was a wood and earth construction, as it is often ascribed to the Saxons. Other facilities in this area, which were probably already in use in the 7th century, are the Babilonie near Lübbecke, the Eresburg in Obermarsberg and the Oldenburg Castle on the Fürstenberg near Ense . This early hill fort is likely to be associated with warrior graves from the 7th century, which were discovered in 1965 on the old town path in Ossendorf. It is unclear whether the Gaulskopf was an aristocratic castle or a refugee castle at that time.
The castle was also used during the Carolingian era. The wooden foundation of a church of the Saxony missionary work is ascribed to the 8th century. Numerous finds, including spores , clasps and pottery shards show that the complex was inhabited through the entire Carolingian era up to between 950 and 1100.
Modern times
The first excavations were carried out in 1965.
literature
- Anton Doms: The Gaulskopf near Warburg-Ossendorf, Höxter district. Early castles in Westphalia 7 (Münster 1986)
Web links
- Ingo Pfeffer: A late Michelberg complex in East Westphalia: The Gaulskopf near Warburg-Ossendorf (1999), on jungsteinsite.uni-kiel.de
- The castle complex on the Gaulskopf. , on ossendorf.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( Notes )
- ^ Sofie Meisel: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 98 Detmold. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 5.4 MB)
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Christoph Grünewald: Archeology of the early Middle Ages from the 5th to the 9th century in Westphalia - an overview (slightly modified version of a lecture on the occasion of the Westphalian History Day on April 24, 2004 in Herne) , pp. 71-86 (PDF; 2 , 2 MB)