Yellow-striped tooth-wing jewel beetle
| Yellow-striped tooth-wing jewel beetle | ||||||||||||
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Dicerca aenea on poplar |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dicerca aenea | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1761) |
The yellow-striped tooth-wing jewel beetle ( Dicerca aenea ) is a beetle from the family of jewel beetles and the subfamily of Chrysochroinae . The genus Dicerca is represented in Europe with two subgenera and eight species . The species Dicerca aenea belongs to the subgenus Dicerca and occurs in Europe only in the subspecies Dicerca aenea aenea .
According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance, the species is specially protected and strictly protected. The evidence from Germany is before 1900.
Comment on the name
Dicerca aenea was first described by Linnaeus in 1761 under the name Buprestis aenea . The description contains the sentence supra grisea-aeneum ( Latin on top of gray-bronze), which explains the generic name aenea (Latin: brazen, copper, bronzes, brass-colored). The scientific name of the genus Dicerca is from Altgr. δι dí "two" and κέρκος kérkos "tail" derived and refers to the tail-like elongated ends of the wing covers (Fig. 6). The German generic name 'Zahnflügel-Prachtkäfer' also refers to the ends of the wing covers.
Properties of the beetle
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| Fig. 1: different views | |
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| Fig. 2: Prosternal process, left half tinted blue, tinted green: left front hip |
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| Fig. 3: Detail from the top of the green arrowhead: label, blue arrowhead: dimple at the base of the pronotum |
Fig. 4: Middle leg splint in males , arrowhead on weak tooth only |
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Fig. 5: Head from the front and from the side, each tinted blue: Cave with left antennae |
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Fig. 6: Tip of the two wing covers with a strong tooth on the outer corner and a weak tooth on the inner corner |
The beetle becomes nineteen to twenty-two millimeters long and looks slender due to the extended ends of the wing-coverts. The top is copper-colored, matt-glossy, sometimes with darker, even greenish shimmering smooth spots. Occasionally the top is dusted with flour. The underside is very shiny brass-colored. The whole body is roughly and wrinkled punctured .
The eyes are far apart on the sides of the head, they come closest to each other at the top. The eleven-limbed antennae are about as long as the pronotum and, from the fourth limb, are bluntly sawn on the inside. The second antenna segment is not much shorter than the third. The caves into which the antennae are inserted (tinted blue in Fig. 5) are quite large and triangular. They lie apart from each other next to the front edge of the eyes. The upper lip is cut out. The upper jaws are strongly curved and tridentate. The last two links of the four-link jaw probe are not cylindrical, but spherical, egg-shaped. The lip switch end link is egg-shaped. The temples are narrow, the pronotum reaches the back of the eyes.
The pronotum is significantly wider than it is long, broadest above the middle. The back corners are sharply right-angled, the sides curved heart-shaped. On the pronotum, in front of the label , there are two small, almost confluent, punctiform dimples (Fig. 3).
The label is very small and rounded. It is lower than the wing covers (Fig. 3).
The wing covers are striped and without smooth elevations. The point stripes are most clearly formed near the wing cover seam. The tips of the elytra are elongated like a tail. Each wing cover ends in a clearly extended tooth-shaped outer corner, a less clearly tooth-like extended inner corner and an inwardly curved bulge in between (Fig. 6). The wing covers are also roughly dotted, forming more dense and transverse wrinkles on the sides, the dots become finer and sparse towards the wing cover seam. Towards the end, the wing covers are striped lengthways in the form of ribs.
The process of the fore-chest (half of the Prosternal process in Fig. 2 tinted blue) is clearly deepened between the mid-hips, the lateral edge of this process is smooth and raised. The last belly ring is two-toothed in the female and three-toothed in the male (the underside in Fig. 1 shows a male).
The tarsi are all five-part. The claws are imperforate. The first segment of the middle tarsi is about as long as the second, not much longer. The tooth on the inside of the central splint of the males is only very weakly formed in the form of an angle (arrowhead in Fig. 4).
biology
The beetle does not appear until early summer. It can then be found on the breeding trees. When approaching, he remains motionless or drops to the ground. The beetles don't like to fly, they tend to climb back up the trunk. The larvae develop in the wood of willows and various poplar species in warm and humid locations, for example river meadows. However, the beetles have also been grown from the black alder , the gray alder and an apple tree . During an inventory in the Ukraine (nature park "HOMILSJANSKY WOODS") the species was only found on elms .
Weakened, ailing and dying thinner trunks and stronger branches (e.g. after a fire), but also roots and stumps are attacked. It takes two or three years to develop. A mass infestation was reported from Germany in 1860, but the beetle is not considered to be of any forestry importance.
Osterberg reports that the larvae dig ascending, irregularly meandering and occasionally kinking tunnels between the bark and sapwood, which are filled with worm meal. The corridors can be recognized by the peeling of the bark. Pupation takes place in the sapwood. According to Obenberger, on the other hand, the infestation is difficult to prove because the beetle gnaws in the heartwood. Fabre describes the conditions in the black poplar . There, the hole near the bark is widened into an egg-shaped, flattened pupa chamber for pupation. The access is tightly filled with drilling dust. The doll's cradle continues to the front in a slightly curved corridor that only leaves about a millimeter of intact wood. No nail is piled up in it. When the beetle hatches, all it has to do is gnaw through the leaf-thin layer of wood and the bark.
Zabransky reports on the circumstances of a mass find in 1987 from Lobau about humid weather around 25 ° after a long period of bad weather. The beetles stayed on fire-damaged, sun-exposed, +/- solitary poplars. Thicker, dead but still standing trunks were preferred, some partly without bark. Two trunks that were broken at a height of about 5 m and got stuck on the remaining stump were also quite productive. The animals sat or climbed up and down on the trunks, if disturbed they let themselves fall. They also fell from a height of 4-5 m to the ground without flying away. ... Both sexes were about equally common. The development, which takes several years, takes place in dead poplar wood, mostly in trunks with a diameter of 20 cm or more. Low floors are largely avoided. The breeding wood must be ... fully exposed to the sun's rays. This means that the trunks located in the open area or on the southern edge of the forest either remain standing or have to be very thick in order not to be shaded by the lower vegetation.
distribution
The species is of circum-Mediterranean origin and is most common in the western Mediterranean. It is found in southern Europe and patchy in North Africa ( Algeria , Morocco , according to another source also in Tunisia). However, the relic species also occurs in the eastern Palearctic ( Caucasus , Siberia , northeast China ) and can be found in Europe up to the north. It is reported from Sweden and Norway , but not from Great Britain , Finland and the Baltic states (according to another source also in Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania ). In the west, the beetle is known from Portugal , Spain and France . In Central Europe there are finds from Belgium , Austria , Poland , the Czech Republic , Slovenia , Switzerland , Slovakia , Serbia , Hungary and Romania . There are no more recent finds from Germany . In Italy the species is also found in Sardinia and Sicily . The beetle has also been reported from Bosnia-Herzegovina , Croatia , Albania , Bulgaria , Greece , Moldova , Turkey , Ukraine and various parts of Russia.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X . P. 212
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 91
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer's Käferbuch. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition, p. 330
- H.Mühle, P. Brandl, M. Niehuis: Catalogus Faunae Graeciae; Coleoptera: Buprestidae Printed in Germany by Georg Rößle Augsburg 2000 p. 95
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Dicerca aenea at Fauna Europaea, accessed on June 7, 2020
- ↑ Appendix 1 to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance under Fauna / Coleoptera
- ↑ Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4 . P. 58
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Fauna Svecica .... Editio altera augmenta (2nd increased edition), Stockholm 1761 p. 262: 213 No. 758 Buprestis aurea
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ M. Olivier: Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coleoptères Tome II Paris 1790 as the 5th species of the 32nd genus Buprestis aenea (not duchpaginated)
- ↑ WF Erichson et al: Natural history of the insects of Germany Coleoptera fourth volume Berlin 1857 p. 33 Buprestis aenea
- ↑ Johannes Gistel: The Mysteries of the European Insect World Kempten 1856 P. 12 Alnus glutinosa with Dicerca aenea
- ↑ a b c Osterberg: Observations on Dicerca aenea Brass-colored pointed beetle in the monthly for forest and hunting Stuttgart 1860 p. 439 ff [1]
- ↑ Molandin de Boissy: Nouvelle observation biologique de Dicerca alni fish. in Bulletin de la Société entomologique de la France Paris 1905 p. 96 Dicerca aenea in Malus communis
- ↑ Бєлявцев М.П., Мєшкова В.Л.2: КОМАХИ-КСИЛОФАГИ ЛИСТЯНИХ ПОРІД У НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ ПРИРОДНОМУ ПАРКУ "ГОМІЛЬШАНСЬКІ ЛІСИ" https://doi.org/10.34142/23122218.2019.21.10
- ↑ Klaus Hellrigl: Faunistics of the jewel beetles of South Tyrol (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Forest observer Vol. 5 2010 p. 161 / p.9 No. 12 Dicerca aenea
- ^ Jan Obenberger: Catalog raisonné des Buprestides de Boulgarie - II. Partie in communications from the Königl. Natural Science Institutes in Sofia - Bulgaria Volume VI, Sofia 1933 p. 51
- ^ Jean-Henri Fabre: XVIII Le Problem du Sirex in Souvenirs entomologiques 4th series, 10th edition Paris 1891 p. 312
- ↑ P. Zabransky: Contributions to the faunistics of Austrian beetles with comments on ecology and biology 2nd part - Family Buprestidae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Koleopterologische Rundschau Volume 61 Vienna July 1991 p. 141 / p. 18 Dicerca aenea
- ↑ Jan Obenberger: Catalog raisonné des Buprestides de Bulgarie in communications from the Royal Scientific Institutes in Sofia - Bulgaria Volume 5, Sofia 1932 p. 26 Dicerca aenea among the Buprestides of Circum-Mediterranean origin
- ↑ Dicerca aenea on the Polish entomologist website
