Gendorf (Burgkirchen an der Alz)

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Gendorf is a district of Burgkirchen an der Alz on the northern bank of the Alz and is the location of the Gendorf Chemical Park , which originated from a plant of the Nazi armaments company Anorgana and belonged to the Hoechst company from 1955 to 1998 . The factory site is part of the Bavarian Chemical Triangle . The special purpose association for waste recycling in Southeast Bavaria has been operating a waste-to-energy plant there since 1994 with an annual capacity of 200,000 tons. Until 1955 the Gendorf corridor belonged to the municipality of Emmerting .

history

According to archaeological finds, the area was already permanently settled in the Hallstatt period. During excavations, a metal belt crossing with a ring wreath and decorative elements came to light, as is typical for the eastern Alpine region.

The name Gendorf is possibly derived from the Latin name Chomindorf , which was mentioned in a document in 788. It is said to have been a settlement of three to five houses owned by a (noble) Comela or Come (hence the name). In 1160 the hamlet was documented as Gemmin (g) dorf , in 1234 as Gemdorf . In Traditionsbuch the Cistercian - monastery Raitenhaslach twice a Chunradus de Gemmendorf or Gebensdorf appears. In 1340 a Konrad de Gemmendorf and his wife Agnes are recorded in the Raitenhaslach burial book. The name Kemdorf is also passed down from the late Middle Ages, in 1560 it was a century village . Until well into the 20th century, Gendorf was an insignificant agricultural property in the area of ​​influence of the Raitenhaslach monastery and later the city of Burghausen .

From August 1938, at the suggestion of the Wehrmacht, a plant for the production of chemical warfare agents was set up in Gendorf, which was then remote and therefore easy to camouflage. In the course of the construction work, hundreds of domestic and foreign workers poured into the small town, including prisoners of war and forced labor from Eastern Europe , France and Italy . In addition, a satellite camp of the Dachau concentration camp and a maternity hospital for Eastern workers were set up, in which around 150 newborns died of malnutrition, insufficient hygiene and the cold. Most of the workers lived in temporary accommodation (camp barracks) until the end of the war and in the first post-war years. The chemical plants were partially dismantled by the American occupation authorities after 1945, but most of them continued to be operated. Gendorf was the destination of numerous refugees and evacuees. War criminals like the chemist and IG Farben manager Otto Ambros had also withdrawn here in the last days of the Nazi regime. After a transition period under the direction of the Free State of Bavaria , the Hoechst company took over the site in 1955 . After the group withdrew in 1998, 30 independent petrochemical companies and their service providers with around 4,000 jobs were set up in the chemical park . The annual production reaches 1.6 million tons of various chemical products.

In 1997 the Gendorf sports club was awarded a gold plaque by the President of the German Bundestag , Rita Süssmuth , for the "exemplary integration of resettlers" after numerous Russian-German repatriates had settled in the district in the 1980s and 1990s . Since 2015 refugees from war zones have also been accommodated and looked after in Gendorf, which continues the long history of migration in the town.

On the area of ​​the Gendorf marshalling yard there is a request stop for the Mühldorf – Burghausen railway line .

Ecological damage

Like almost all locations in the chemical industry, Gendorf has had considerable environmental problems for many decades. After the Second World War , production residues from the Nazi era were found in the groundwater, since the planned sewage pipes to the Inn and sewage treatment plants were never built until 1945 and the sewage was thus directed into the Alz , which had little water . In March 2012 a massive fish death in the Alz caused a national sensation. It turned out that a detergent raw material , the fatty amine Genamin LA 302 D , had been mistakenly pumped into an exhaust air purification system. From there it is said to have got onto the roof of a production plant and ignited. The extinguishing water got into the river. The large-scale, long-term contamination of the groundwater with perfluorooctanoic acid triggered heated discussions . The raw material was manufactured in Gendorf from 1968 to 2003 and is considered carcinogenic. According to the chemical park operator, the maximum concentrations in the groundwater will probably not be reached until 2030. Special filters have been designed to prevent PFOA from getting into drinking water since 2009. Nevertheless, PFOA concentrations were found in the blood of residents that are 20 times higher than the “harmless value”. There is no official limit. From 2020 PFOA is to be banned in the European Union .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the special purpose association for waste disposal in Southeast Bavaria . Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  2. ↑ Thomas Stöllner: The Hallstatt Period and the Beginning of the Latène Period in the Inn-Salzach Area , Volume 1, Office of the Salzburg State Government (State Archeology), Salzburg 2002, p. 113
  3. ↑ Wolfram Drews / Bruno Quast (eds.): Frühmittelalterliche Studien , Vol. (1971), p. 29
  4. ↑ a b place name search . In: lra-aoe.de . Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  5. ↑ Claudia Schwab: Altötting: the district court Neuötting, the city court Burghausen and the courts Wald and Leonberg-Marktl . Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2005, p. 187
  6. ↑ Chemical Park Gendorf - The chance location . In: gendorf.de . Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  7. ↑ Reiner Bruhnke: The history of SV Gendorf Burgkirchen ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.svgb.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: svgb.de . Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  8. ^ Ernst-Josef Spindler: Alz catastrophe . In: altoetting.bund-naturschutz.de , October 31, 2012. Accessed March 3, 2018.
  9. ^ Poisonous Alz: Plant Gendorf apologizes . In: innsalzach24.de , March 14, 2012. Accessed March 3, 2018
  10. ↑ Matthias Köpf: How poison got into Karin Fraundorfer's blood . In: sueddeutsche.de , February 1, 2018. Accessed March 3, 2018.