Tauern gentian
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Tauern gentian ( Gentiana frigida ) |
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| Haenke |
The Tauern gentian ( Gentiana frigida ) is a species of the genus of the gentians ( Gentiana ) within the gentian family (Gentianaceae). Its main distribution area is in the Carpathian Mountains and it occurs in the Eastern Alps only in Upper Styria in the Lower Tauern.
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The Tauern gentian is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 10, rarely up to 15 centimeters. The stems are simple and upright.
The opposite leaves are packed in a rosette at the base of the stem. The lower leaves are short stalked, the upper ones are sessile. The simple, somewhat fleshy leaf blade is lanceolate to linear-lanceolate with a blunt upper end and a leaf nerve .
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to September. The flowers are solitary and terminal, or solitary up to three in the upper leaf axils.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The five green sepals are grown together for almost half of their length. The five calyx teeth are blunt. The crown is whitish, with a broad light blue stripe and blue spots in the throat. The crown is funnel-shaped to bell-shaped and 2 to 3.5 inches long. The appendages between the petal lobes are pointed triangular. The stamens are free. The scar flaps are not fringed.
The capsule fruits contain many seeds. The seeds are covered with white membranous lamellae.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
ecology
The Tauern gentian is a hemicryptophyte .
Occurrence and endangerment
The main distribution area of the Tauern gentian is in the Carpathians . In the Eastern Alps it only occurs in Upper Styria in the Lower Tauern , where it is rare and potentially endangered. It grows in stony lawns and rock corridors on lime-free soils of the alpine altitude range at altitudes of up to 2400 meters. In the Alps it finds its optimum in societies of the Caricion curvulae association.
Taxonomy
Gentiana frigida was first published in 1789 by Thaddäus Peregrinus Haenke in Nicolaus Joseph von Jacquin : Collecteana , 2, p. 13. A synonym for Gentiana frigida Haenke is Gentianodes frigida (Haenke) Á.Löve & D.Löve .
supporting documents
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 61 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 61 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Gentianaceae / Gentiana frigida (Gentianoides frigida) - Tauern-Enzian / Steirischer Enzian / Kälte-Enzian - data sheet with photos at Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich , 2007-02-15.
- ↑ David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora alpina . Volume 2, page 14. Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna Haupt-Verlag, 2004. ISBN 3-258-06600-0
- ^ Gentiana frigida at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- ↑ Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. : Gentiana frigida. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
