George H. Vineyard

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George Hoagland Vineyard (born April 28, 1920 in Saint Joseph (Missouri) , † February 21, 1987 in Stony Brook ) was an American theoretical solid-state physicist , professor of physics at the University of Missouri in Columbia and later director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL for short) on Long Island in the US state of New York .

Life

Vineyard studied physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduated there in 1941 with a Bachelor of Sciences, in 1943 he received his doctorate there with John C. Slater with a thesis on space charge in the cavity magnetron . Until 1945 he worked as a scientist at the MIT Radiation Laboratory there, and in 1946 he was employed as an assistant professor at the University of Missouri. From 1948 he worked there as an associate professor, from 1952 to 1954 finally as a full professor. Then he moved to the Brookhaven National Laboratory, where he initially worked for seven years as a physicist or senior physicist, then was appointed chairman of the Department of Physics there. In 1966 he was promoted to associate director and a year later to deputy director.

At the beginning of 1973 he became director of the BNL as successor to Maurice Goldhaber . He held this position until 1981, but remained as a Senior Scientist at the BNL until his death six years later. A year earlier, Vineyard was elected Vice President of the American Physical Society and should become its director in January 1988.

From 1978 he was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

research

Vineyard made important contributions to several areas of theoretical solid-state physics. His best-known works include work on the diffusion of defects in solids, taking into account many-body interactions, and on the dynamics of radiation damage due to the creation and diffusion of defects. For the quantitative description of these processes, he used computer simulations for the first time. Furthermore, Vineyard dealt with the theory of neutron and X-ray scattering on liquids and on solid surfaces, and he combined analytical and numerical calculations to describe the spin dynamics in ferromagnets and the dynamics of structural phase transitions between ordered and disordered lattice structures in solids.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ David A. Andelman: The New Chief at Brookhaven George Hoagland Vineyard Jr. In: The New York Times . December 29, 1972, ISSN  0362-4331 (American English, nytimes.com [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  2. ↑ George Vinyard Dies at 66; a Physicist and Researcher . In: The New York Times . February 25, 1987, ISSN  0362-4331 (American English, nytimes.com [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  3. ↑ George H. Vineyard: Frequency factors and isotope effects in solid state rate processes . In: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids . tape 3 , no. 1 , January 1, 1957, ISSN  0022-3697 , p. 121–127 , doi : 10.1016 / 0022-3697 (57) 90059-8 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  4. ↑ JB Gibson TO Goland, M. Milgram, GH Vineyard: Dynamics of Radiation Damage . In: Physical Review . tape 120 , no. 4 , November 15, 1960, p. 1229–1253 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.120.1229 ( aps.org [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  5. ↑ C. Erginsoy, GH Vineyard, A. Englert: Dynamics of Radiation Damage in a Body-Centered Cubic Lattice . In: Physical Review . tape 133 , 2A, January 20, 1964, pp. A595 – A606 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.133.A595 ( aps.org [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  6. ^ GJ Dienes, GH Vineyard: Radiation Effects in Solids. tape 2 . Interscience Monographs in Physics and Astronomy, New York 1957, ISBN 978-0-598-54067-6 (American English).
  7. ↑ George H. Vineyard: Scattering of Slow Neutrons by a Liquid . In: Physical Review . tape 110 , no. 5 , June 1, 1958, p. 999-1010 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.110.999 ( aps.org [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  8. ↑ George H. Vineyard: Grazing-incidence diffraction and the distorted-wave approximation for the study of surfaces . In: Physical Review B . tape 26 , no. 8 , October 15, 1982, p. 4146-4159 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevB.26.4146 ( aps.org [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  9. ^ RE Watson, M. Blume, GH Vineyard: Spin Motions in a Classical Ferromagnet . In: Physical Review . tape 181 , no. 2 , May 10, 1969, p. 811–823 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.181.811 ( aps.org [accessed June 15, 2019]).
  10. ↑ George H. Vineyard: Theory of Order-Disorder Kinetics . In: Physical Review . tape 102 , no. 4 , May 15, 1956, p. 981–992 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.102.981 ( aps.org [accessed June 15, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Vineyard, George H.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vineyard, George Hoagland
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American theoretical solid-state physicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 28, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint Joseph, Missouri
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1987
Place of death Stony Brook