Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher

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Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher (born December 23, 1896 in Zwickau , † March 24, 1985 in Halle / Saale ) was the first female professor of law in Germany and taught at the University of Halle-Wittenberg .

Life

Gertrud Fikentscher came from a Protestant family; her father was a manufacturer. From 1903 to 1913 she attended the high school in Zwickau. From 1913 to 1916 she received private lessons. From 1916 she received a one-year training at the Charlottenburg seminar of the youth welfare association in Berlin. Until 1925 she was a school caretaker in child and youth welfare. From 1919 to 1921 she also attended a socio-educational women's school. In July 1921 she passed the state examination for welfare nurse with the grade "very good". From September 1, 1921, she was the head of the Berlin-Mitte youth justice department. Her interest in law was aroused, which is why she attended lectures as a guest student at the University of Berlin. In 1924 she took the cultural exam for university admission without a school-leaving certificate and began studying law, which she successfully completed after eight semesters. On December 17, 1928, she married the well-known papyrologist Wilhelm Schubart .

In 1933 she received her doctorate at the University of Berlin with a thesis on the Brno Schöffenbuch under Ernst Heymann ( The marriage law in the Brno Schöffenbuch ). He was head of the “Leges” department of Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) and in 1935 offered her a freelance workforce. She accepted this offer. In 1940 she was awarded the prize by the Prussian Academy of Sciences for an advertised question on the "spread of German city rights in Eastern Europe". The work published in 1942 is still one of the standard works of urban law research.

From 1941 to 1943 Schubart-Fikentscher taught law at the Brandenburg People's Care School. After the end of the war, she took over a chair for civil law and German legal history at the law faculty in Leipzig in 1945. Her husband was appointed to a chair in Leipzig in 1946 . Schubart-Fikentscher joined the SED in the same year and was habilitated in Leipzig in May and took on a teaching position in German legal history. In 1948 she was appointed to the full professorship for civil law and German legal history at the University of Halle , making her the first ever female professor of law in Germany. How unusual this was in Germany was shown by the fact that it took until 1965 before Anne-Eva Brauneck was appointed a second law professor. The University of Giessen appointed Brauneck as the first female criminal law professor in Germany.

In 1948 the Monumenta Germaniae Historica elected Schubart-Fikentscher as a corresponding member, in December 1959 it was elected as a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences . She resigned from the SED in 1951 and explained it with the words: But as a grown woman in my mid-50s, I formed my own conviction that probably does not always correspond to what the party can expect . Her teaching activities remained unaffected by this, however, she taught until her retirement in 1956. In 1960 her husband died. The GDR awarded Schubart-Fikentscher the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze in 1962. In addition to her early work on urban law research, the life and work of Christian Thomasius , the spiritual founder of the University of Halle, was the focus of her interest. Schubart-Fikentscher received his doctorate and habilitation from Rolf Lieberwirth , who took over the legal history chair in Halle in 1969. She died in 1985 as a result of an accident that made her bedridden.

Fonts

  • The marriage law in the Brno Schöffenbuch , Stuttgart 1935, plus Diss. Univ. Berlin 1933;
  • Roman law in the Brno jury book. A contribution to the history of reception. In: ZRG GA 65 (1947), 86-176;
  • Goethe's 56 Strasbourg Theses (dated August 6, 1771). A contribution to the history of German law , Weimar 1949;
  • A new Thomasius picture ?. In: 450 Years Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Vol. 2, Halle 1952, 27–30;
  • Hallesche Spruchpraxis. Consiliensammlung Hallescher Scholars from the beginning of the 18th century (Thomasiana 3), Weimar 1960;
  • Investigations into the authorship of dissertations in the Age of Enlightenment (special volumes of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, phil.-hist. Class 114.5), Berlin 1970;
  • Study reform. Questions from Leibniz to Goethe (special volumes of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, phil.-hist. Class 116.4), Berlin 1973;
  • Goethe's official writings. A legal historical investigation (special volumes of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, phil.-hist. Class 119, 2), Berlin 1977;
  • Christian Thomasius. His importance as a university lecturer at the beginning of the German Enlightenment (special volumes of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, phil.-hist. Class 119, 4), Berlin 1977;

literature

  • Rüdiger Fikentscher : Love work, loneliness. Wilhelm Schubart, papyrologist. Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher, legal historian. A couple of scholars in two dictatorships. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2014, ISBN 978-3-95462-072-2
  • Rüdiger Fikentscher : The professor in private - memories. In: Rolf Lieberwirth (Hrsg.): Legal history in Halle. Commemorative writing for Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher (1896–1985). Heymann, Cologne a. a. 1998, ISBN 3-452-24000-2 , pp. 11-15 ( Hallesche Schriften zum Recht 5).
  • Hiram Kümper:  Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 27, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-393-2 , Sp. 1274-1277.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Rolf Lieberwirth : Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher (1896–1985). In: Rolf Lieberwirth (Hrsg.): Legal history in Halle. Commemorative writing for Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher (1896–1985). Heymann, Cologne a. a. 1998, ISBN 3-452-24000-2 , pp. 1-10 ( Hallesche Schriften zum Recht 5).
  • Rolf Lieberwirth: Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher. In: Yearbook of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. 1985/86 (1988), ISSN  0080-5262 , pp. 232-236.
  • Rolf Lieberwirth: In Memoriam. In: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History . German Department. Vol. 103, 1986, pp. 494-502.
  • Heiner Lück : List of publications by Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher. In: Rolf Lieberwirth (Hrsg.): Legal history in Halle. Commemorative writing for Gertrud Schubart-Fikentscher (1896–1985). Heymann, Cologne a. a. 1998, ISBN 3-452-24000-2 , pp. 11-93 ( Hallesche Schriften zum Recht 5).
  • Heiner Lück: Schubart-Fikentscher, Gertrud Klara Rosalie, Prof. Dr. jur., born Fikentscher . In: Eva Labouvie (Ed.): Women in Saxony-Anhalt, Vol. 2: A biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the 19th century to 1945. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2019, ISBN 978-3-412-51145-6 , p. 409-415.
  • Lothar Mertens : Lexicon of the GDR historians. Biographies and bibliographies on the historians from the German Democratic Republic. Saur, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-598-11673-X , pp. 552-553.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Schubart-Fikentscher, Gertrud
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 23, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Zwickau
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1985
Place of death Halle / Saale