Yellowing stinky pigeon
| Yellowing stinky pigeon | ||||||||||||
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Yellowing smelly fox ( Russula subfoetens ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula subfoetens | ||||||||||||
| Flat share Sm. |
The yellowing Russula Foetens ( Russula subfoetens ) is a mushroom from the family of Täublingsverwandten . The medium-sized, dull honey-yellow to rust-brown blubber has a smell that many find disgusting and is mostly found in deciduous forests. It is typical for the tip of the stem to turn lemon yellow with lye.
features
Macroscopic features
The 5–10 (–12) cm wide hat is at first almost spherical, then depressed. It is dull honey-colored, yellow to brownish in color and often has a reddish-brown or rust-brown center. The hat skin is greasy and shiny when wet and can be peeled off up to about halfway. The edge is clearly ribbed.
The thick, mostly distant and often forked lamellae are attached to the stem and are creamy-white to dirty yellow-ocher in color. With age, they often become brown spotted, and the blade edges are more or less brown spotted. The spore powder is cream-colored ( IIa-IIb according to Romagnesi ).
The pale honey yellow stem is 5–10 cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide. It is not quite as stocky as the stinky pigeon and also smaller overall. The stem is often narrowed at the base, quite firm, but soon hollow inside.
The meat is creamy white to yellowish and turns yellow when cut. The deafbling has a pungent taste, which slowly gets hotter when chewed, but never very hot. In the hat skin it tastes sharper than in the rather mild meat. Many find the smell unpleasant; it is similar to that of the stinking puff, but is not quite as intense and also has a fruity component. The meat reacts dirty pink with iron sulphate , the guaiac reaction is intensely positive. With KOH, the tip of the stem turns lemon yellow and later brown to rusty red.
Microscopic features
The spores are oval-elliptical 7–10 µm long and 5.5–7 (–8) µm wide. The spores are covered with 0.3–0.7 µm high, almost burr-like warts, from which only a few connections emanate. The hyphae end cells of the cap skin are cylindrical and about 3–5 µm wide. The Pileocystiden are almost spindle-shaped, more or less appended or contracted at the tip . The sulfobenzaldehyde reaction is quite variable.
Species delimitation
The types of subsection Foetentinae all look very similar macroscopically. The almond deafblings ( Russula grata ) and the Morse deafblings ( Russula illota ) can easily be distinguished by their bitter almond odor and their strongly burred to winged spores. The stinking blubber has heavier spores and a stronger smell. The tip of the stem never turns lemon yellow with lye.
ecology
The yellowing stinking deaf has a similar ecology as the stinking deaf. However, it seems to prefer to develop a mycorrhiza with deciduous trees . Its most important symbiotic partners are red beech and birch . Much less often it enters into a symbiotic relationship with other deciduous trees such as oaks or hornbeams. Conifers are just as rarely used as hosts, only the johannis variety is said to be preferred among spruce trees . The fruiting bodies usually only appear under old trees from late July to early October. The Täubling occurs preferentially in hill and mountain country.
distribution
The yellowing smelly bird is found in North Africa (Morocco), North Asia (Japan), North America and Europe. In North America, it is found in the eastern United States. It reaches its westernmost extent in Michigan and in the south its distribution area extends to North Carolina.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The yellowing stink-deaf is placed in the subsection Foetentinae , which in turn is within the section Ingratae . The representatives of the subsection have (yellow) brown to gray hats, which are heavily furrowed on the edge, and a strong, usually unpleasant odor.
Subspecies and varieties
The following varieties have been described:
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Russula subfoetens var. Grata | ( Britzelm. ) Romagn. (1967) | Today it is regarded as an independent species, Russula grata , the almond-peeling. |
| Russula subfoetens var. Johannis | Moënne-Locc. (1996) | Resembles the type except for the rather graying stem, which turns bright orange-yellow with bases. The variety occurs under spruce on calcareous soils. |
meaning
The deafbling is not edible due to its disgusting and pungent taste.
literature
- Russula subfoetens. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed July 25, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula subfoetens. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed July 25, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Russula subfoetens. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 12 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved July 25, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ↑ a b c Roger Phillips: Russula subfoetens. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on November 26, 2015 ; accessed on July 25, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula subfoetens. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 76 , accessed on July 25, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 533.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula subfoetens. Retrieved June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare: Vulnerable).
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula subfoetens. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis, E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 4. (PDF; 599 kB) Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 104 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, pp. 39–42 , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula subfoetens. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 8, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula subfoetens var. Grata. In: Index Fungorum - Names Record / indexfungorum.org. Retrieved July 26, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula subfoetens var. Johannis. In: Russulales News. Retrieved July 26, 2011 .
Web links
- Sporenzeichnung_1 and Sporenzeichnung_2 of Russula subfoetens by H. Romagnesi, (1967), the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center site. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula subfoetens. Index Fungorum, accessed July 26, 2011 .
- Russula subfoetens. In: Russulales News . Retrieved July 26, 2011 (photos, nomenclature, and original Atein diagnosis).
- Russula subfoetens. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from the Gilbender Stinktäubling).