Almond-Täubling

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Almond-Täubling
Almond Pigeons in Vermont

Almond Pigeons in Vermont

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Almond-Täubling
Scientific name
Russula grata
Britzelm.

The almond blubber ( Russula grata , Syn .: Russula laurocerasi ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the blubber relatives (Russulaceae). The Täubling is similar to the closely related stink Täubling . Its brownish-yellow fruiting bodies, which smell strongly of bitter almond aroma, appear in deciduous forests from July to October.

features

Macroscopic features

The 6–10 cm wide hat is spherical when young, later arched to flat and sometimes slightly recessed in the middle. The hat color is brownish-yellow in various shades from mustard to orange-yellow to ocher. When wet, the hat skin is slimy, it can be peeled off from the edge up to about halfway, the edge of the hat is very grainy grooved.

The lamellae are attached to the stem, they are more or less dense, sometimes they are forked near the stem. They are whitish to cream-colored and often rusty with age. The spore powder is off-white.

The stem becomes 8-10 cm long and 1-3 cm thick. It is white and spotted yellow to reddish brown at the base, dry, more or less smooth and often becomes hollow with age. The flesh is white and does not change color even when injured. The odor of the mushroom is aromatic, reminiscent of maraschino liqueur , bitter almond aroma or benzaldehyde . If the lamellas are crushed, a disgusting smell occurs, the taste is sharp and unpleasant. With potassium hydroxide the surface of the hat turns pink to orange, with iron sulfate there is no or less pink or orange coloration on the handle.

Microscopic features

The spores are broadly elliptical to rounded, 7–11 µm × 7–9 µm in size, with noticeably coarse wing-like ridges that can be 1–2.5 µm high. The warts are connected to one another by ridges and lines to form a partial to almost complete network. The pleurocystids can be stained with sulfovanillin.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) consists of hyphae that are bound into a gelatinous matrix. The Pileocystiden are club-shaped to spindle-shaped or slightly head-shaped and appear ocher-yellow in potassium hydroxide. They also react with sulfovanillin.

Species delimitation

Due to its striking almond scent, the almond deaf can usually be easily distinguished from most of the other species of deaf in the Foetentinae subsection . Only the very rare strong-smelling stink-deaf ( Russula fragrantissima ) is very difficult to distinguish. It tends to be somewhat larger and stockier and has an even more intense aniseed or almond cream scent. The brim of the hat is barely bumpy and less strongly grooved. In old age the mushroom smells extremely disgusting. A reasonably reliable delimitation is only possible with the microscope. The warts of the spores are less high (up to 2 µm) and only partially connected to one another like a comb.

The rare Morse pigeon is also very similar. It differs mainly in the purple-gray hat slime and the black or brown-purple dotted lamellae edges. In terms of smell, it stands between the stink- deaf and the almond-deaf.

ecology

The almond pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms symbioses almost exclusively with red beech , and more rarely with other deciduous trees such as oak and hornbeam. The species occurs in mixed red beech forests, more rarely in hornbeam-oak forests, in forest edge communities and in parks or cemeteries. Fresh to moderately moist, weakly acidic to moderately basic soils with weak to ample humus supply and sufficient bases and nutrients are preferred. The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from July to October.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the almond pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The holarctic almond deafbling occurs in North Asia (Eastern Siberia, Russia-Far East, Korea, Japan), North and Central America (Canada, USA, Mexico, Costa Rica), North Africa (Morocco) and Europe. In Europe, the distribution area extends from southern Europe to the Hebrides and southern Norway and Finland.

    Overall, the species is not uncommon in Germany, but shows a clear tendency to decline.

    Systematics

    The almond-deafling belongs to the Russula-foetida -group (subsection Foetentinae ), a group of deafblings whose hat is brown to gray in color and the edge of the hat is strongly furrowed. The deafblings usually have a strong odor. Closely related species are the stink and morse deaf .

    meaning

    The Almond-Täubling is not an edible mushroom and is considered inedible.

    swell

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b M. Kuo: Russula laurocerasi. MushroomExpert.Com website, February 2009, accessed May 12, 2011 .
    2. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 535.
    3. ↑ a b Russula grata in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
    4. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula laurocerasi. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare: Endangered).
    5. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    6. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 292 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    7. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula grata. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
    9. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula laurocerasi. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015 ; Retrieved August 19, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    10. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( versita.metapress.com [PDF]). versita.metapress.com ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    11. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula grata. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 13, 2012 .
    12. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula laurocerasi. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .

    Web links

    Commons : Almond-deaf ( Russula grata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files