Shiny leather blubber
| Shiny leather blubber | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shiny leather blubber ( Russula alutacea ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula alutacea | ||||||||||||
| (Fr.) Fr. |
The shiny or wine-brown leather deafblings ( Russula alutacea ) is a fungus from the family of the deafblings relatives . The rare Täubling is very similar to the red-stemmed leather Täubling, a reliable distinction is therefore only possible with a microscope. The heat-loving Täubling grows in deciduous forests on limestone soils. The Latin epithet is an allusion to the color and texture of the hat skin and can be translated as leathery.
features
Macroscopic features
The fleshy hat is (5–) 8–12 (–15) cm wide and spread out to depressed. The edge is smooth, the hat color can be purple-red to wine-red, red-brown, purple-brown and later almost copper-colored. In the middle it is often marbled pale straw yellow or leather-colored. More rarely it is olive-greenish in color, usually only in the middle. Sometimes the entire hat is colored olive green. The hat skin is fairly smooth and young or, depending on the weather, sticky and shiny. In old age it is rather dull and sometimes almost grainy. The edge, however, is never concentric, runny or wrinkled, as is the case with the red-stemmed leather puffin. The hat skin can only be peeled off at the edge, up to a maximum of 1/4 of the radius.
The lamellas are rather crowded when young, but later more or less clearly removed. They are thick, wide, bulbous, and quite brittle. At first they are free on the stick and later attached. The lamellae in young fruiting bodies are cream-colored to lemon-yellow at the beginning and turn ocher to yolk-yellow when ripe. The spore powder is also golden yellow to rich yolk yellow ( IVbc according to Romagesi ).
The white stalk is hard, quite short and (4–) 7–13 cm long and 1–3 (–5) cm wide. It is often very wavy, uneven or deformed. The stem is often pale pink from the base up, sometimes only on one side, but only in the lower part and never across the middle.
The white flesh turns a little yellow and is often almost lemon yellow on the inside. It soon becomes soft and spongy. The smell is similar to that of the gall bladder , later it smells more like honey. As with the red-stemmed leather bling, the phenol changes the meat to an intense purple-violet color within 30 seconds. The guaiac reaction is slow and weak. Iron sulfate turns the meat orange, while the lamellae turn yellow with aniline.
Microscopic features
The spores (7–) 8–10 (–11) µm long and (6–) 6.5–8 (–9) µm wide. They are covered with rather low, up to 0.8 µm high warts or spines. The mostly isolated warts are sometimes connected to one another in burrs without forming closed meshes. Sometimes, however, they can also form a very rudimentary network with only a few meshes.
The (3–) 5–8 (–10) µm wide hyphal end cells of the cap skin are often short-clubbed to ampoule-shaped, otherwise they are cylindrical, often twisted and often narrowed. Pseudoprimordial hyphae cannot be detected in the cap skin.
Species delimitation
The red-stemmed leather blubber is very similar, has the same vivid purple phenol reaction and the same microscopic hat skin anatomy. It differs mainly in the spur ornamentation. The spores are prickly almost in isolation. With age, the hat skin is grooved concentrically parallel to the hat rim. The stem is more or less tinted (carmine) pink, after the discoloration a pink banding remains under the lamellas until the end, while the reddening of the shiny leather puff is limited to the lower half of the stem.
ecology
The shiny leather deafblings are like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with different deciduous trees.
The warmth-loving, sub-Mediterranean Bluebird is found preferentially in deciduous forests, mostly in lime-beech forests exposed to the south, especially in forest barley and sedge-beech forests or in warmth-loving mixed oak forests over limestone.
distribution
The deafbling is widespread in Asia (Japan), North America (USA, Mexico), Africa (Morocco) and Europe.
In Germany the species is very rare and is on the red list in the hazard category RL 2.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The shiny leather dew is placed by Bon in the Olivaceinae subsection , a subsection from the Alutacea section . The representatives of the subsection are large to medium-sized deafblings with reddish or purple-brown hats and yellow spore powder. The meat tastes mild, turns yellow or browns a little and turns dark purple-purple with phenol.
Subspecies, varieties and forms
Rolf Singer describes a number of forms and varieties in his Russula monograph.
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Russula alutacea f. flavella | Singer (1932) | A shape with a yellow leathery yellow or dirty brown or reddish yellow hat, which sometimes also has olive tints. The form occurs in coniferous forests, more rarely in deciduous forests. |
| Russula alutacea f. fuscella | Singer (1932) | Is similar to the previous form. The hat is brown, light brown, reddish brown or dark brown. The stem is white and rarely tinged with red. Occurs in the coniferous forest, less often in the deciduous forest. |
| Russula alutacea f. grisella | Singer (1932) | The Forma grisella is a very rare form with a gray hat that occurs in the coniferous forest. |
| Russula alutacea f. integrella | Singer (1932) | It is a shape with a purple, purple, olive or ocher-brown hat. Only a few dermatocystides are found in the cap skin. The stem can be slightly red at times. The form occurs in deciduous and coniferous forests and can only be distinguished from Russula integra with difficulty and almost exclusively on the basis of the spores . |
The following forms, varieties and subspecies are now assigned to other species:
- Russula alutacea f. purpurella Singer (1932).
- Its Forma purpurella is synonymous with Russula integra , the brown leather blotch .
- Russula alutacea f. pseudo-olivascens Singer (1932).
- The shape with the yellow, gray to olive green hat has been described as both the shape and variety of Russula integra and the shape of Russula fusca .
- Russula alutacea f. rubroalba Singer (1932).
- The form was upgraded by Romagnesi to the species Russula rubroalba .
- Russula alutacea subsp. integra Singer (1932).
- Today it is synonymous with Russula integra .
- Russula alutacea subsp. integra Singer (1932).
- The subspecies is synonymous with Russula romellii , the short-stemmed leather deaf .
- Is synonymous with Russula risigallina f. roseipes .
The following forms and varieties are now assigned to the red-stemmed leather blubber ( Russula olivacea ).
- Shape with a beautiful purple hat and stem, which occurs in mountainous coniferous forests.
meaning
The shiny leather pigeon is edible, but at least in Germany it should be spared because of its rarity.
literature
- Russula alutacea. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 7, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula alutacea. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed May 7, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula alutacea. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved September 6, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 66 .
- ^ A b c d e German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 508.
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 94 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 6, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula alutacea. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 144 , accessed on March 21, 2011 (Spanish).
- ^ A b Roger Phillips: Russula alutacea. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on August 16, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Russula alutacea. Pilzoek database, accessed May 7, 2011 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula alutacea. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula alutacea. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare!).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online (PDF; 592 kB) [accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 289 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). www.cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula alutacea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Russula alutacea. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Elias Polemis et al: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5 . Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon . tape 115 , 2011, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 16 ff . ( online (PDF; 330 kB) [accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ R. Singer: Monograph of the genus Russula. (PDF) In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt (1932). A. Pascher, pp. 252-255 , accessed July 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula alutacea f. pseudoolivascens. ( Memento from February 18, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Russulales News. mtsn.tn.it
- ↑ Russula alutacea var. Roseipes - Homotypical species. In: Index Fungorum indexfungorum.org. Retrieved July 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula alutacea var. Olivacea. In: Index Fungorum - indexfungorum.org. Retrieved July 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula alutacea f. pavonina. ( Memento from February 18, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Russulales News. mtsn.tn.it
Web links
- Spores drawing by Romagnesi, (1967), under www.cbs.knaw.nl
- J. Schäffer: Russula alutacea. Russula monograph. In: Annales Mycologici Volume 31 / cybertruffle.org.uk. 1933, p. 399 , accessed August 16, 2011 .
- Russula alutacea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on December 13, 2011 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Glänzenden Leder-Täubling).
