Gloeopeniophorella

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Gloeopeniophorella
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Gloeopeniophorella
Scientific name
Gloeopeniophorella
Rick 1934

Gloeopeniophorella is a genus of fungus that belongs to the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). The genus can be identified relatively easily on the basis of its almost smooth hymenophore , its buckleless hyphae and the common occurrence of crystal- bearing lamprocystids and gloeocystids . The ellipsoidal spores have an amyloid wrinkled surface. In contrast to their related deaf and milklings , they are not mycorrhizal fungi , but live saprobionic and decompose dead wood. The type species of the genus is Gloeopeniophorella rubroflava Rick .

features

The fruit bodies are resupinate or effus and the hymenophore is almost smooth to slightly bumpy and more or less ocher in color. The monomitic hyphae system consists of hyaline, thin-walled hyphae with slightly thickened cell walls, and there are no buckles . Numerous crystal-bearing cystids ( metuloids ) are usually found as sterile elements . They are hyaline, have more or less thickened walls and may or may not react dextrinoid with iodine reagents . There are also thin-walled gloeocystids , which can be sparse to numerous and show a positive or negative reaction with sulfovanillin . The four-pore basidia are narrowly clubbed and have no basal buckle. The spores are amyloid and more or less ellipsoid. They look clearly wrinkled in Melzer's reagent , and in KOH they can sometimes be smooth.

Ecology and diffusion

Most species of the genus occur in the tropics and subtropics. Gloeopeniophorella rubroflava , the type species of the genus, was found in Brazil; Gloeopeniophorella laxa grows in Taiwan on dead branches and on barked or unbinded trunks of the sickle fir ( Cryptomeria japonica ). According to J. Boidin and his co-authors, the mushroom was also collected in Guadeloupe . Gloeopeniophorella sacrata has its main distribution area in New Zealand. But there is also evidence from Australia and Venezuela. The holotype of Gloeopeniophorella singulare comes from the Banco National Park (Ivory Coast). Only Gloeocystidiellum convolvens is a predominantly northern European species that is scattered in Fennoscandinavia , Estonia and Russia and has also been found in Austria and Spain. According to J. Ginns and GW Freeman, the fungus is also found in North America. It prefers to grow on hardwood that is already more decomposed, but sometimes also on hardwood. Despite their close relationship to the two mycorrhizal fungus genera, the deafblings and milklings, the Gloeopeniophorella species show no symbiotic properties, but live purely in a saprobionic manner on more or less decayed dead wood.

Systematics

Fig. 1: Maximum likelihood family tree of Boidinia and Gloeopeniophorella . The genebank numbers are given after the species name. All further information on the calculation of the family trees can be found in the picture description.
Fig. 2: Minimum Evolution family tree . The family tree shown in Figures 1 and 2 largely corresponds to Larsson & Larsson's Neighbor Joining family tree. Only that the Boidinia furfuracea branch is at the base of the Russulaceae, while in the pedigrees shown here it is a sister taxon of the deafblings. The bootstap values ​​are displayed next to the branches.

The genus was created in 1934 by J. Rick for the type species Gloeopeniophorella rubroflava . In 1956 he added another species, Gloeopeniophorella griseolutea . Since the genus had only two relatively unknown, tropical species, it received little attention in mycological research. That only changed when J. Boidin, P. Lanquetin and G. Gilles rediscovered the genus in 1997 in their revision of the genus Gloeocystidiellum (Le genre Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato) and with Gloeocystidiellum convolvens for the first time a European species and its Taiwanese relatives Gloeocystidiellum laxum in the genera. Two other species Gloeopeniophorella sacrata and Gloeopeniophorella singulare were only placed in the genus in 2007 by K. Hjortstam and L. Ryvarden, which were previously in the genus Dextrinocystidium . The genus Dextrinocystidium was from Shung-H in 1996. Wu for the type species Dextrinocystidium sacratum . The representatives should have a dimitic hyphae system, buckleless, generative hyphae and branched skeletal hyphae, as well as dextrinoid lamprocystids , utriform (udder-shaped) basidia and wrinkled to warty spores. Hjortstam and Ryvarden justified the new combination with the fact that they do not consider the dextrinoid reaction of the crystal-bearing cystids to be a feature that is weighty enough to justify the separation of a genus.

E. Larsson and KH Larsson studied 2,003 sequence data of the 5.8S, ITS2 and LSU rDNA gene of more than 100 (mostly corticioiden) representatives of Täublingsartigen and clearly showed that the genus gloeopeniophorella clearly belongs to the family of Täublingsverwandten and closely with Boidinia related is. In fact, it forms a common lineage ( clade ) with parts of the genus Boidinia . The result suggests that the precursors of the two mycorrhizal genera were saprotrophic fungi with a corticoid fruiting body.

species

The genus currently contains (as of 2014) five species. In Europe there is only one species, Gloeopeniophorella convolvens . The systematic position of Gloeopeniophorella sacrata and Gloeopeniophorella singulare is controversial. Some authors see the two species in the genus Dextrinocystidium .

Scientific name author
Gloeopeniophorella convolvens (P. Karst.) Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles 1997
Gloeopeniophorella griseolutea Rick 1959
Gloeopeniophorella laxa (Sheng H. Wu) Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles 1997
Gloeopeniophorella rubroflava Rick 1934
Gloeopeniophorella sacrata (G. Cunn.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2007
Gloeopeniophorella singulare (Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles) Hjortstam & Ryvarden 2007

swell

  • Gloeopeniophorella. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
  • Gloeopeniophorella. Rick, Brotéria, sér. Ci. Nat. 3: 47, 173 (1934). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Corticiaceae s. l. i . In: A. Bernicchia & SP Gorjón (eds.): Fungi Europaei . tape  12 , 2010, p. 306 ( [1] ).
  2. ^ A b c K. Hjortstam & L. Ryvarden: Studies in corticioid fungi from Venezuela III (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 23 , 2007, p. 70 ( mycobank.org - description of the genus Gloeopeniophorella ).
  3. ↑ K. Hjortstam & L. Ryvarden: Studies in corticioid fungi from Venezuela III (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) . Gloeocystidiellum rubroflavum . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 23 , 2007, p. 72 ( mycobank.org ).
  4. ↑ Sheng H. Wu: Studies on Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) in Taiwan . Gloeocystidiellum laxum . In: Mycotaxon . tape 58 , 1996, pp. 37–40 ( cybertruffle.org - With an illustration of the micro features).
  5. ↑ J. Boidin, P. Lanquetin & G. Gilles: Le genre Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) . Gloeopeniophorella laxa . In: Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France . tape 113 , no. 1 , 1997, p. 46 ( mycobank.org ).
  6. ↑ K. Hjortstam & L. Ryvarden: Studies in corticioid fungi from Venezuela III (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) . Gloeocystidiellum sacrata . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 23 , 2007, p. 72 ( mycobank.org ).
  7. ↑ J. Boidin, P. Lanquetin & G. Gilles: Le genre Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) . Gloeopeniophorella singulare . In: Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France . tape 113 , no. 1 , 1997, p. 30 ( mycobank.org ).
  8. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Gloeocystidiellum convolvens. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on September 6, 2014 ; Retrieved September 5, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  9. ^ J. Ginns & GW Freeman: The Gloeocystidiellaceae (Basidiomycota, Hericiales) of North America . Gloeocystidiellum convolvens . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 1994, p. 40 ( mycobank.org ).
  10. ↑ . Eriksson & L. Ryvarden: The Corticiaceae of North Europe . Gloeocystidiellum convolvens . 1975, p. 411 ( mycobank.org ).
  11. ^ A b Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Elsevier (Ed.): Mycological research . tape 111 , no. 9 , 2007, p. 1040-1063 .
  12. ↑ Sheng H. Wu: Two new genera of corticioid basidiomycetes with gloeocystidia and amyloid basidiospores . In: Mycologia . tape 87 , no. 6 , 1995, pp. 886-890 ( cybertruffle.org - original description of Acanthofungus and Dextrinocystidium ).
  13. ↑ Ellen Larsson & Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 ( mycologia.org ).

Web links

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